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Gabapentina para el dolor neuropático crónico

Andrew Moore¹, Sheena Derry¹, Philip Wiffen¹

¹Pain Research and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.

|February 28, 2018

Resumen

La gabapentina ofrece un alivio moderado del dolor en condiciones de dolor neuropático crónico como la neuralgia postherpética y la neuropatía diabética dolorosa. Este medicamento mostró una reducción del dolor del 50% en un pequeño porcentaje de pacientes más que el placebo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurología
Farmacología
Medicina para el dolor

Sus antecedentes:

El dolor neuropático crónico afecta a millones en todo el mundo.
La neuralgia postherpética (PHN) y la neuropatía diabética dolorosa (PDN) son afecciones debilitantes comunes.
La gabapentina es un medicamento anticonvulsivo ampliamente prescrito.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la eficacia de la gabapentina en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático moderado a severo.
Determinar la asociación entre el uso de gabapentina y la reducción del dolor en pacientes con NPH o NPD.

Principales métodos:

Revisión sistemática y metanálisis de ensayos controlados aleatorios.
Inclusión de pacientes con dolor neuropático moderado o severo.
Rango de dosis: entre 1200 y 3600 mg/día durante 4 a 12 semanas.

Principales resultados:

El uso de gabapentina se asoció con un aumento estadísticamente significativo de pacientes que lograron una reducción del dolor de al menos un 50% en comparación con el placebo.
La diferencia absoluta en las tasas de respuesta osciló entre el 14% y el 17% en favor de la gabapentina.
El efecto se observó en pacientes con NPH y NPD.

Conclusiones:

Gabapentin demuestra un beneficio modesto en la reducción del dolor en personas con dolor neuropático crónico.
Los hallazgos apoyan el uso de gabapentina como opción de tratamiento para PHN y PDN.
La investigación adicional puede explorar la dosificación óptima y la eficacia a largo plazo.

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