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Estimación de la excreción de sodio y potasio en orina durante 24 horas en adultos estadounidenses
Mary E Cogswell1, Catherine M Loria2, Ana L Terry3
1National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA
|March 9, 2018
Resumen
Los adultos estadounidenses consumen un promedio de 3608 mg de sodio al día, según se estima a partir de muestras de orina de 24 horas. Este estudio proporciona un punto de referencia crucial para la investigación futura sobre la ingesta de sodio y sus implicaciones para la salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El Instituto de Medicina recomendó la recolección de orina de 24 horas para estimar la ingesta de sodio debido a las altas tasas de excreción urinaria.
- Estudios anteriores indicaron que el 90% del sodio consumido se excreta en la orina.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar la ingesta media de sodio de la población entre los adultos estadounidenses.
- Para describir la excreción urinaria de potasio en la población adulta de los Estados Unidos.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una encuesta transversal representativa a nivel nacional de adultos no institucionalizados de los Estados Unidos (entre 20 y 69 años) en 2014.
- 827 participantes proporcionaron al menos una muestra de orina de 24 horas, con una tasa de respuesta general del 50% para este componente.
- Las estimaciones nacionales ponderadas se calcularon utilizando un diseño de encuesta complejo, teniendo en cuenta las probabilidades de selección y la falta de respuesta.
Principales resultados:
- La excreción media de sodio en orina durante 24 horas fue de 3608 mg (95% IC, 3414-3803).
- La excreción media de sodio fue mayor en los hombres (4205 mg) que en las mujeres (3039 mg).
- La excreción media de potasio en orina durante 24 horas fue de 2155 mg (IC del 95%, 2030- 2280).
Conclusiones:
- La ingesta media estimada de sodio para adultos estadounidenses en 2014 fue de 3608 mg por día.
- Estos hallazgos establecen un punto de referencia para futuros estudios de ingesta de sodio y evaluaciones de salud pública.
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