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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

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The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
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Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
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Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

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Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

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Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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Low Molecular Weight Protein Enrichment on Mesoporous Silica Thin Films for Biomarker Discovery
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Low Molecular Weight Protein Enrichment on Mesoporous Silica Thin Films for Biomarker Discovery

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Proteínas de membrana funcionalmente activas incorporadas en películas de sílice mesostructuadas

Justin P Jahnke, Matthew N Idso, Sunyia Hussain

    Journal of the American Chemical Society
    |March 14, 2018
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Este estudio presenta un nuevo método para incorporar altas concentraciones de proteínas de membrana activas en materiales de sílice. Esta técnica mejora la estabilidad y la función de las proteínas dentro de las películas de sílice mesostructuradas, allanando el camino para los biomateriales avanzados.

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Ciencias de los materiales
    • La bioquímica
    • Nanotecnología

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Las proteínas de membrana son cruciales para las funciones celulares, pero son difíciles de estabilizar para las aplicaciones.
    • La sílice mesoporosa ofrece un andamio para las biomoléculas, pero la incorporación de proteínas sigue siendo difícil.
    • El logro de altas concentraciones de proteínas funcionalmente activas en tales materiales es un desafío clave.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Desarrollar un protocolo sintético versátil para la incorporación de proteínas de membrana funcionalmente activas en materiales de sílice mesostructurada.
    • Para demostrar la estabilización y la función nativa de las proteínas de membrana dentro de estos compuestos de sílice.
    • Explorar el potencial de este método para crear biomateriales avanzados con mayor estabilidad de las proteínas.

    Principales métodos:

    • Coensamblaje de proteínas de membrana (proteorhodopsina, citocromo c) con precursores de sílice y varios tensioactivos (no iónicos, similares a los lípidos, perfluorados) en condiciones ligeramente ácidas.
    • Se utilizaron películas de sílice mesostructuradas parecidas a gusanos para la incorporación de proteínas.
    • Caracterización mediante dispersión de rayos X de ángulo pequeño, resonancia paramagnética de electrones y espectroscopia UV visible transitoria.

    Principales resultados:

    • Se han obtenido altas concentraciones (hasta un 15% en peso) de proteorhodopsina funcionalmente activa en películas de sílice mesostructurada.
    • Las proteínas en las películas de sílice exhibieron una función similar a la nativa y una mayor estabilidad térmica en comparación con los entornos tradicionales.
    • Demostró la generalidad del protocolo mediante la incorporación del citocromo c activo en películas de tensioactivo de silicio.

    Conclusiones:

    • Un protocolo sintético versátil permite la incorporación en alta concentración de proteínas de membrana activas en sílice mesostructurada ordenada.
    • Los compuestos de proteína y sílice resultantes muestran una mayor estabilidad y una funcionalidad similar a la nativa.
    • Este método es prometedor para el desarrollo de nuevos biomateriales y biosensores que utilizan proteínas de membrana.