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Riesgo y pronóstico de cáncer después de la trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores
Jens Sundbøll1, Katalin Veres1, Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó1
1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
Circulation
|March 16, 2018
Resumen
La trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores puede indicar cáncer oculto, particularmente cáncer de pulmón. Esta condición también empeora las tasas de supervivencia de los pacientes con cánceres comunes, destacando su importancia en la detección y el pronóstico del cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina vascular
- En el campo de la oncología
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El vínculo entre la trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores y el riesgo o pronóstico de cáncer no está bien establecido.
- El tromboembolismo venoso es un síntoma conocido de cáncer, lo que lleva a investigar la trombosis arterial.
- Este estudio aborda la asociación desconocida entre la trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores y el cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el riesgo de cáncer en pacientes diagnosticados con trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores.
- Evaluar el impacto pronóstico de la trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores en la mortalidad de los pacientes con cáncer.
- Para determinar si la trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores sirve como un marcador temprano para malignidades ocultas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó registros médicos daneses a nivel nacional desde 1994 hasta 2013.
- Se identificaron pacientes con trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores por primera vez y se realizó un seguimiento de los diagnósticos de cáncer posteriores.
- Se emplearon ratios de incidencia estandarizados y cohortes emparejadas para evaluar el riesgo de cáncer y el impacto en la mortalidad.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron 772 cánceres entre 6600 pacientes con trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores.
- El riesgo de cáncer fue significativamente elevado en los primeros 6 meses (SIR 3,28) y se mantuvo alto después de 12 meses (SIR 1,14).
- Las asociaciones más fuertes fueron con cánceres de pulmón y relacionados con el tabaquismo; la trombosis arterial empeoró la mortalidad por varios cánceres comunes.
Conclusiones:
- La trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores es un marcador de cáncer oculto, especialmente cáncer de pulmón.
- Es un factor de pronóstico adverso para la mortalidad en pacientes con cánceres comunes.
- La detección temprana de la trombosis arterial de las extremidades inferiores puede ayudar a identificar tumores malignos no diagnosticados.
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