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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Enzymes02:34

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

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In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
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C–C Bond Cleavage: Retro-Aldol Reaction00:57

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The reverse of the aldol addition reaction is called the retro-aldol reaction. Here, the carbon–carbon bond in the aldol product is cleaved under acidic or basic conditions to form two molecules of carbonyl compounds. The mechanism of the reaction consists of three steps.
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Measuring Enzymatic Activity of Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Associated Deubiquitylating Enzymes via an In Vitro Ubiquitin Chain Cleavage Assay
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Enzimas tipo dicero con preferencias de escisión de secuencias

Cristina Hoehener1, Iris Hug1, Mariusz Nowacki1

  • 1Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

Cell
|March 20, 2018
PubMed
Resumen

Tres enzimas similares a Dicer en el desarrollo de Paramecium exhiben preferencias de secuencia distintas. Estos pequeños ARN sesgados por secuencia (ARNs) son cruciales para la eliminación del ADN durante el desarrollo.

Palabras clave:
Enzimas similares al diceroReorganizaciones del genomaeliminación precisa del ADNEscisión específica de la secuenciaARN pequeños

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • La genética
  • Biología del desarrollo

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las proteínas Dicer generan pequeños ARN (ARN s) a partir de ARN de doble cadena (ARNds).
  • Las proteínas argonautas se unen a los sRNA, a menudo mostrando sesgo de secuencia de extremo 5'.
  • Las preferencias de escisión de secuencias de las proteínas Dicer no se han establecido previamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las preferencias de escisión de secuencias de tres enzimas similares a Dicer (Dcl2, Dcl3, Dcl5) en Paramecium.
  • Comprender el papel de estas enzimas en la producción de ARNs para la eliminación del ADN durante el desarrollo.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizaron ensayos de escisión in vitro con enzimas similares a las de Dicer.
  • Análisis del tamaño del ARNm y de las preferencias de la secuencia del extremo 5'/3'.
  • Correlación de las características del ARNm con los requisitos de eliminación del ADN.

Principales resultados:

  • Dcl2 muestra una estricta preferencia de tamaño de 25 nt y una preferencia de secuencia AGA de 5' U/5'.
  • Dcl3 exhibe una preferencia de secuencia UNG de 5'.
  • Dcl5 demuestra preferencias 5' UAG y 3' CUAC/UN, produciendo ARN que coinciden con los elementos de ADN extirpados.

Conclusiones:

  • Caracterización de tres enzimas similares a Dicer involucradas en el desarrollo de Paramecium.
  • Demostración de la escisión sesgada por la secuencia por las enzimas Dicer.
  • Papel biológico propuesto para los productos de escisión sesgados en la eliminación del ADN.