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Alloanticuerpos de glóbulos rojos en pacientes con transfusiones múltiples en el territorio palestino ocupado: un
Ahmad Yaseen1, Sa'd Suleiman1, Omar Abu Zenah1
1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory.
Lancet (London, England)
|March 20, 2018
Resumen
Un estudio encontró que el 15% de los pacientes con transfusiones múltiples en Cisjordania desarrollaron alloanticuerpos, principalmente contra los grupos sanguíneos Rh y Kell. Esto pone de relieve la necesidad de transfusiones de sangre con antígenos compatibles para evitar complicaciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Hematología
- Inmunología
- Medicina para la transfusión
Sus antecedentes:
- Las transfusiones de glóbulos rojos son vitales para el tratamiento de la talasemia y la anemia falciforme.
- Sin embargo, los pacientes que reciben múltiples transfusiones corren el riesgo de no inmunizarse, lo que lleva a reacciones a la transfusión.
- Los anticuerpos alógenos pueden complicar futuras transfusiones y el cuidado del paciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la frecuencia y los tipos de alloanticuerpos en pacientes con transfusiones múltiples.
- Evaluar la prevalencia de la inmunización en pacientes en el norte de Cisjordania.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio piloto realizado en tres centros de talasemia en Cisjordania.
- Evaluación y identificación de los anticuerpos alónicos mediante paneles de laboratorio estándar.
- Datos recogidos de 131 pacientes incluidos con talasemia o anemia de células falciformes.
Principales resultados:
- El 15% de los pacientes (20 de 131) desarrollaron alloanticuerpos.
- La mayoría de los anticuerpos fueron contra el sistema de grupos sanguíneos Rh (65%), incluyendo anti-D, anti-E, anti-Rh-C y anti-c.
- Se identificaron anticuerpos anti-Kell en el 35% de los pacientes inmunizados.
Conclusiones:
- Existe una prevalencia significativa de aloinmunization en pacientes con transfusiones múltiples en esta región.
- Los anticuerpos del sistema de grupos sanguíneos Rh y Kell son los tipos primarios identificados.
- La implementación de fenotipos de glóbulos rojos extendidos y transfusiones de correspondencia de antígenos es crucial para mitigar la alloinmunization.
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