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Acceso al agua y morbilidad en niños en el territorio palestino ocupado, 2000-14: un estudio transversal repetido
Hugo Legge1, Amira Shaheen2, Ghassan Shakhshir3
1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|March 20, 2018
Resumen
La inseguridad hídrica en la Franja de Gaza aumentó significativamente las tasas de diarrea infantil entre 2000 y 2014. Mejorar el acceso al agua potable es crucial para la salud infantil en esta región.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Salud del medio ambiente
- Pediatría
Sus antecedentes:
- La inseguridad del agua es un factor de riesgo significativo para la enfermedad.
- Los palestinos han experimentado cada vez más restricciones en el acceso al agua potable.
- Este estudio examina los cambios en el acceso al agua y su impacto en la salud de los niños pequeños en el territorio palestino ocupado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Describir los cambios en el acceso al agua potable para los niños menores de 5 años en el territorio palestino ocupado entre 2000 y 2014.
- Examinar la asociación entre las fuentes de agua potable y la prevalencia de diarrea y retraso en el crecimiento en niños menores de 5 años.
- Informar las políticas de salud pública sobre el acceso al agua en la región.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal repetido mediante encuestas demográficas y de salud (2000-2014).
- Datos agregados por año, localidad y provincia para el análisis de regresión.
- Los modelos de regresión múltiple evaluaron el vínculo entre las fuentes de agua mejoradas y los resultados de salud infantil (diarrea, retraso en el crecimiento).
Principales resultados:
- El acceso mejorado a las fuentes de agua disminuyó drásticamente en Gaza (98% a 11%) pero se mantuvo estable en Cisjordania (94%).
- La prevalencia de diarrea aumentó tanto en Gaza como en Cisjordania (del 7% al 11% y del 6% al 11%, respectivamente).
- La prevalencia del retraso en el crecimiento disminuyó en ambas regiones (del 12% al 8% en Gaza, del 11% al 8% en Cisjordania).
Conclusiones:
- El acceso limitado a fuentes de agua mejoradas se correlacionó con una mayor prevalencia de diarrea en Gaza.
- Las políticas para mejorar el acceso a fuentes de agua mejoradas son esenciales para la Franja de Gaza.
- Si bien el retraso en el crecimiento disminuyó, el aumento de la diarrea pone de relieve los continuos problemas de salud relacionados con el agua.
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