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El umbral para el informe consciente: Pérdida de señal y sesgo de respuesta en la corteza visual y frontal

Bram van Vugt¹, Bruno Dagnino¹, Devavrat Vartak¹

¹Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands. p.roelfsema@nin.knaw.nl houman_safaai@hms.harvard.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 24, 2018

Resumen

La detección consciente de estímulos visuales depende de la actividad sostenida de la corteza frontal. Las fallas en el procesamiento de información a lo largo de la vía visual, vinculadas a los estados cerebrales del prestimulo, determinan si los estímulos alcanzan la conciencia.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
La neurociencia cognitiva
Percepción visual

Sus antecedentes:

Comprender las bases neuronales de la percepción consciente es un desafío clave en la neurociencia.
Distinguir entre los estímulos conscientes y subliminales es crucial para la investigación cognitiva.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los mecanismos neuronales que subyacen a la detección consciente de estímulos visuales débiles.
Identificar las áreas corticales y los procesos involucrados en la transformación de la información sensorial en experiencia consciente.

Principales métodos:

Registros electrofisiológicos en la corteza visual y frontal de monos despiertos.
Las tareas conductuales que requieren el reporte de la presencia de estímulos.
Microestimulación del área visual V1 para detectar la propagación de la información.
Análisis de la actividad cerebral del prestimulo y su correlación con la percepción.

Principales resultados:

Los estímulos informados conscientemente mostraron una fuerte y sostenida actividad de la corteza frontal, a diferencia de los estímulos no informados con una actividad débil y decadente.
La pérdida de información se produjo en etapas sucesivas desde la corteza visual a la frontal, confirmada por microestimulación V1.
Los estados cerebrales de preestímulo influyeron en el sesgo de respuesta y la sensibilidad a estímulos idénticos.

Conclusiones:

La conciencia consciente de los estímulos visuales se asocia con la actividad neuronal sostenida en las áreas corticales superiores, particularmente la corteza frontal.
Las fallas en el procesamiento y la propagación de la información neuronal determinan críticamente la detección consciente.
Un proceso de "ignición" no lineal en las áreas corticales superiores puede ser la base de la reportabilidad del estímulo, modulada por los estados neuronales del prestimulo.

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