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La translocación de un patóbionte intestinal impulsa la autoinmunidad en ratones y humanos
S Manfredo Vieira1, M Hiltensperger1, V Kumar2
1Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Resumen
Una bacteria intestinal, Enterococcus gallinarum, puede desencadenar enfermedades autoinmunes en individuos genéticamente susceptibles. Este patóbiont
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Inmunología
- La autoinmunidad
Sus antecedentes:
- El papel de la microbiota intestinal en las enfermedades autoinmunes no se comprende bien.
- Existen asociaciones entre la microbiota y las enfermedades inmunes, pero la causalidad en la autoinmunidad no está clara.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el papel de la translocación de patobiontes intestinales en el desencadenamiento de respuestas autoinmunes.
- Explorar estrategias terapéuticas potenciales dirigidas a los biontes patógenos en la autoinmunidad.
Principales métodos:
- Se estudió la translocación de Enterococcus gallinarum en ratones propensos a la autoinmunidad.
- Utilizó el tratamiento con antibióticos y una vacuna específica para el patobionte como intervenciones.
- Realizó experimentos de co-cultivo de hepatocitos y patobiontes.
- Analizado las biopsias hepáticas de pacientes humanos autoinmunes.
Principales resultados:
- La translocación de Enterococcus gallinarum a los tejidos sistémicos indujo respuestas autoinmunes, autoanticuerpos y mortalidad en ratones.
- El tratamiento con antibióticos y la vacunación evitaron la progresión de la enfermedad y la mortalidad.
- Los experimentos de co-cultivo revelaron que los patobiontes inducen factores promotores de la autoinmunidad.
- Se detectó ADN de Enterococcus gallinarum en las biopsias hepáticas de pacientes humanos autoinmunes.
Conclusiones:
- La translocación de patóbiontes intestinales puede iniciar y promover la autoinmunidad en huéspedes genéticamente predispuestos.
- Dirigirse a los patobiontes intestinales translocados ofrece una estrategia terapéutica potencial para las enfermedades autoinmunes.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que mecanismos similares pueden operar en poblaciones humanas susceptibles.
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