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Elastómeros camaleónicos con endurecimiento y coloración adaptativos a la tensión codificados molecularmente
Mohammad Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani1, Andrew N Keith1, Yidan Cong1
1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 31, 2018
Resumen
Los investigadores han desarrollado nuevos materiales sintéticos que imitan el color adaptativo y las propiedades mecánicas de la piel. Estos elastómeros avanzados ofrecen colores vibrantes y suavidad extrema, allanando el camino para aplicaciones innovadoras.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Química de los polímeros
- Biomimética
Sus antecedentes:
- El camuflaje activo y las propiedades mecánicas similares a la piel son deseables en los materiales sintéticos.
- La integración de la coloración adaptativa y la resistencia mecánica en los elastómeros ha sido un desafío significativo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para crear elastómeros moldeables con coloración adaptativa y propiedades mecánicas similares a la piel.
- Lograr estas funciones mediante el autoensamblaje de arquitecturas poliméricas específicas sin aditivos ni enlaces químicos.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizan copolímeros lineal-bottlebrush-lineal para la síntesis de materiales.
- Separación por microfase de bloques de polímeros distintos para formar redes físicamente entrelazadas.
- Propiedades del material caracterizadas que incluyen coloración, suavidad, endurecimiento por tensión y estabilidad en diversos entornos.
Principales resultados:
- Elastómeros desarrollados que exhiben un color vibrante y una suavidad extrema comparable al tejido de la piel.
- Logró un comportamiento de rigidez por tensión intensa, imitando la resistencia mecánica de la piel.
- Estabilidad demostrada del material tanto en condiciones ambientales como en condiciones simuladas de fluidos internos del cuerpo, mostrando resistencia a la hinchazón y al secado.
Conclusiones:
- El autoensamblaje de copolímeros de tribloque definidos arquitectónicamente ofrece una nueva ruta hacia los elastómeros multifuncionales.
- Los materiales desarrollados integran la coloración adaptativa y las propiedades mecánicas biomiméticas sin enlaces químicos ni aditivos.
- Estos elastómeros son prometedores para aplicaciones que requieren materiales blandos, adaptables y duraderos, particularmente en los campos biomédicos.
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