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Las mutaciones desestabilizadoras codifican la variación no genética que impulsa la innovación evolutiva

Katherine L Petrie1,2, Nathan D Palmer3, Daniel T Johnson3

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of California (UC) San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. kpetrie@ucsd.edu jrmeyer@ucsd.edu.

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Las mutaciones en el gen J del bacteriófago lambda le permiten infectar a nuevos huéspedes alterando su unión al receptor. Esto demuestra cómo la variación de proteínas puede impulsar la innovación evolutiva al permitir nuevas funciones.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología evolutiva
  • Biología molecular
  • Virología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las innovaciones evolutivas a menudo surgen de la reutilización de genes, pero los mecanismos subyacentes se debaten.
  • El bacteriófago lambda (λ) utiliza su proteína J para el reconocimiento del huésped, uniéndose al receptor LamB.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los mecanismos por los que el gen de reconocimiento de huéspedes J del bacteriófago lambda desarrolla nuevas funciones.
  • Explorar cómo las mutaciones en el gen J facilitan la adaptación a nuevos receptores.

Principales métodos:

  • Identificación de mutaciones en el gen J del bacteriófago lambda.
  • Evaluación de la adsorción de los fagos mutantes a los receptores nativos (LamB) y nuevos (OmpF).
  • Análisis de las consecuencias estructurales y funcionales de las mutaciones en la proteína J y la partícula del fago.

Principales resultados:

  • Las mutaciones en el gen J aumentan la adsorción al receptor LamB nativo y permiten la unión al receptor OmpF.
  • Estas mutaciones desestabilizan la partícula lambda del fago, induciendo la bistabilidad conformacional en la proteína J.
  • Esta bistabilidad da como resultado fagos de progenie con múltiples fenotipos, cada uno adaptado a diferentes receptores.

Conclusiones:

  • La variación de proteínas no genéticas, a través de mecanismos como la bistabilidad conformacional, puede catalizar la innovación evolutiva.
  • Un solo genotipo que manifiesta múltiples fenotipos puede ser un impulsor común de la evolución.
  • Este estudio proporciona un modelo para comprender cómo los virus se adaptan y evolucionan a nuevos rangos de huéspedes.