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Mamuts enanos del Holoceno de la isla de Wrangel en el Ártico siberiano
Nature
|April 11, 2018
Resumen
Se debate la extinción del mamut lanudo (Mammuthus primigenius). Los descubrimientos de New Wrangel Island revelan que los mamuts enanos sobrevivieron hasta hace 4.000 años, desafiando las líneas de tiempo de extinción anteriores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleontología
- Ciencias Cuaternarias
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- La extinción del mamut lanudo (Mammuthus primigenius) se atribuye al cambio climático y la caza humana.
- Se acepta generalmente que la extinción del mamut ocurrió aproximadamente 9.500 años antes del presente (BP).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para revisar la línea de tiempo de la extinción del mamut lanudo basado en nuevas evidencias fósiles.
- Investigar la supervivencia y las adaptaciones evolutivas de las poblaciones aisladas de mamuts.
Principales métodos:
- Excavación y datación de fósiles de mamuts en la isla de Wrangel.
- Análisis de la morfología de los fósiles de mamut en busca de evidencia de enanismo.
- Reconstrucción paleoambiental para comprender las condiciones de supervivencia.
Principales resultados:
- El descubrimiento de dientes de mamut enano data entre 7.000 y 4.000 años BP en la isla de Wrangel.
- Los fósiles indican que los mamuts sobrevivieron mucho más tarde de lo que se pensaba.
- El entorno único de la isla Wrangel probablemente apoyó a una población de reliquias.
Conclusiones:
- Los mamuts lanudos persistieron en la isla de Wrangel mucho después de su presunta extinción.
- El enanismo en los mamuts de Wrangel se atribuye a la insularidad y los cambios ambientales del Holoceno.
- Este hallazgo requiere una revisión de la narrativa de extinción del mamut lanudo.
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