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Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
Published on: February 20, 2016
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Fragmentación de magma inducida por la tensión en erupciones explosivas
1CNR-CSGSDA, via S. Maria 53, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
Nature
|April 19, 2018
Resumen
Entender las erupciones volcánicas requiere estudiar la fragmentación del magma. Esta investigación modela la fragmentación del magma utilizando un nuevo criterio, explicando la actividad volcánica explosiva y mejorando el pronóstico de riesgos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Volcanología
- La geofísica
- Ciencias de los materiales
Sus antecedentes:
- Las erupciones volcánicas explosivas son impulsadas por la fragmentación del magma, transformando el magma burbujeante en dispersiones de piroclastos de gas.
- Los mecanismos precisos de la fragmentación del magma siguen siendo poco conocidos, lo que dificulta el pronóstico preciso del peligro volcánico.
- Los modelos actuales carecen de una comprensión completa de la transición de los estilos de erupción efusivos a los explosivos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un nuevo modelo para la fragmentación de magma durante las erupciones volcánicas.
- Incorporar un criterio de fragmentación basado en la velocidad de transición del vidrio a la dinámica de ascenso del magma.
- Para conciliar los datos experimentales, teóricos y de observación sobre las erupciones volcánicas explosivas.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de un modelo dinámico de fluidos multifásico para el ascenso de magma.
- Incorporación de un nuevo criterio de fragmentación basado en la transición al vidrio.
- Simulaciones numéricas de los procesos de ascenso y fragmentación del magma.
Principales resultados:
- El modelo demuestra la viabilidad de la fragmentación frágil inducida por la tensión del magma.
- Los resultados numéricos se alinean con los resultados experimentales y las predicciones teóricas.
- El modelo explica con éxito los productos volcánicos de las grandes erupciones explosivas.
Conclusiones:
- La fragmentación frágil inducida por la tensión es un mecanismo viable para erupciones volcánicas explosivas.
- El modelo desarrollado proporciona un marco unificado para comprender la fragmentación del magma.
- Esta investigación mejora nuestra capacidad para predecir los peligros volcánicos y discriminar los estilos de erupción.
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