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Las decisiones colectivas y la cognición en las abejas
P Kirk Visscher1, Scott Camazine2
1Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USAe-mail: visscher@citrus.ucr.edu.
Nature
|April 19, 2018
Resumen
Los enjambres de abejas muestran una toma de decisiones colectiva al elegir el mejor sitio del nido. Esta inteligencia de enjambre surge de las abejas individuales siguiendo reglas simples basadas en información local, no en comparaciones globales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología del comportamiento
- Inteligencia colectiva
- El comportamiento de los animales
Sus antecedentes:
- Los enjambres de abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) deben seleccionar un nuevo nido cuando una colonia se reproduce.
- Las abejas exploradoras exploran posibles sitios de nido y reclutan a otras a través de bailes de movimiento.
- Comprender el proceso de toma de decisiones en los insectos sociales es crucial para los estudios ecológicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el mecanismo por el cual los enjambres de abejas seleccionan un solo sitio de nido de alta calidad de múltiples opciones.
- Para determinar si las decisiones del enjambre dependen de la información global o de las interacciones locales.
Principales métodos:
- Estudios de observación de enjambres de abejas durante la selección del sitio del nido.
- Análisis de los comportamientos de reclutamiento de las abejas exploradoras (danzas de balanceo).
- Modelado de la toma de decisiones colectiva en los insectos sociales.
Principales resultados:
- Las abejas exploradoras comunican inicialmente información sobre múltiples sitios potenciales de anidación.
- Con el tiempo, las danzas convergen en un solo sitio de alta calidad, lo que indica un consenso exitoso.
- Las decisiones de enjambre surgen de procesos auto-organizados impulsados por interacciones locales entre individuos.
Conclusiones:
- La selección del sitio del nido del enjambre de abejas es un proceso auto-organizado.
- Las abejas individuales utilizan información local y reglas simples para contribuir a la toma de decisiones colectivas.
- Este comportamiento emergente permite una selección eficiente de sitios de anidación óptimos sin comparación directa.
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