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Transformación inducida por el terremoto de la corteza inferior
Bjørn Jamtveit1, Yehuda Ben-Zion2, François Renard3,4
1Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), The Njord Centre, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. bjorn.jamtveit@geo.uio.no.
Nature
|April 27, 2018
Resumen
Los terremotos en la corteza inferior desencadenan la infiltración de fluidos, causando cambios estructurales y metamórficos significativos. Esta actividad sísmica influye en toda la geodinámica de la corteza desde arriba hacia abajo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geología
- Tectónica
- Petrología
Sus antecedentes:
- La evolución estructural y metamórfica de la corteza inferior impacta la orogenia, influyendo en las cuencas sedimentarias, las raíces de las montañas y las regiones de alta topografía.
- Antes de la orogenia, la corteza inferior es típicamente seca, impermeable y mecánicamente robusta.
- Durante la orogenia, la infiltración de fluidos a lo largo de las zonas de corte controla la evolución de la corteza inferior.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de los terremotos de la corteza inferior y sus réplicas en la conducción de la infiltración de fluidos y las subsiguientes transformaciones metamórficas/estructurales.
- Comprender la influencia "de arriba hacia abajo" de la actividad sísmica en la geodinámica de la corteza.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las zonas de corte que se inician como fallas de terremotos de la corteza inferior en los arcos de Bergen, en el oeste de Noruega.
- Investigando la relación entre el deslizamiento sísmico, los pulsos de estrés y la generación de réplicas en la corteza inferior.
- Examinar los cambios metamórficos y estructurales impulsados por fluidos después de eventos sísmicos.
Principales resultados:
- Los terremotos de la corteza inferior generan pulsos de estrés que inducen una actividad de réplica sustancial.
- La infiltración de fluidos es impulsada por estas réplicas, lo que lleva a alteraciones metamórficas y estructurales significativas en la corteza inferior.
- El estudio demuestra un efecto "de arriba hacia abajo" en la geodinámica de la corteza, vinculando los procesos sísmicos a corto plazo con la evolución tectónica a largo plazo.
Conclusiones:
- La actividad sísmica en la corteza inferior es un mecanismo clave para el transporte de fluidos y la transformación de la corteza.
- Las réplicas inducidas por el terremoto juegan un papel crucial en la modificación de las propiedades mecánicas y la estructura de la corteza inferior.
- Esta investigación conecta procesos a través de escalas de tiempo muy diferentes, desde eventos sísmicos hasta ciclos orogénicos.
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