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Un núcleo masivo para un cúmulo de galaxias con un desplazamiento al rojo de 4.3
T B Miller1,2, S C Chapman3,4,5, M Aravena6
1Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. tim.miller@yale.edu.
Nature
|April 27, 2018
Resumen
Descubrimos SPT2349-56, un denso núcleo de 14 galaxias ricas en gas que están formando estrellas rápidamente. Este protocúmulo masivo, observado cuando el Universo tenía solo 1.400 millones de años, desafía los modelos anteriores de formación de cúmulos de galaxias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cosmología
- Evolución de las galaxias
- La astrofísica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los cúmulos masivos de galaxias se forman temprano en el Universo.
- Los progenitores de cúmulos de galaxias de alto desplazamiento al rojo (protocúmulos) se identifican por excesos de densidad de materia oscura en las simulaciones.
- Los protocúmulos observados a menudo carecen de la rápida formación de núcleos predicha por las simulaciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la naturaleza de SPT2349-56, un potencial protocluster de alto desplazamiento hacia el rojo.
- Para entender las primeras etapas de la formación de cúmulos masivos de galaxias.
- Para comparar las estructuras observadas con simulaciones cosmológicas.
Principales métodos:
- Observaciones del monóxido de carbono y de la emisión de carbono ionizado.
- Medidas de desplazamiento al rojo para determinar las distancias de las galaxias.
- Análisis de la densidad del número de galaxias, las tasas de formación de estrellas y la dispersión de velocidad.
Principales resultados:
- SPT2349-56 comprende al menos 14 galaxias ricas en gas con un desplazamiento al rojo de 4,31.
- Cada galaxia exhibe tasas de formación estelar entre 50 y 1.000 veces más altas que la Vía Láctea.
- Estas galaxias están densamente empaquetadas dentro de una región de 130 kiloparsec, lo que indica una formación avanzada.
Conclusiones:
- SPT2349-56 representa un núcleo avanzado de un cúmulo de galaxias que se formó rápidamente en el Universo temprano.
- La densidad observada y la formación estelar desafían las observaciones y simulaciones anteriores de protocúmulos.
- Este sistema puede evolucionar en uno de los cúmulos de galaxias más masivos conocidos hoy en día.
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