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Intervenciones para prevenir caídas en adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad: Declaración de recomendación del

, David C Grossman¹, Susan J Curry²

¹Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle.

|May 1, 2018

Resumen

Las intervenciones de ejercicio previenen eficazmente las caídas en los adultos mayores con mayor riesgo. Las intervenciones multifactoriales ofrecen un pequeño beneficio, mientras que la suplementación con vitamina D no se recomienda para la prevención de caídas en esta población.

Área de la Ciencia:

Gerontología
La medicina preventiva
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

Las caídas son una de las principales causas de lesiones, morbilidad y mortalidad en adultos estadounidenses de 65 años o más.
En 2015, las caídas resultaron en aproximadamente 33.000 muertes entre los adultos mayores.
Se informó de más de 29 millones de caídas en 2014, de las cuales el 37,5% requirió atención médica o causó restricción de la actividad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proporcionar una recomendación actualizada sobre la prevención de caídas en los adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad.
Revisar la evidencia sobre la eficacia y los daños de las intervenciones de atención primaria para la prevención de caídas.
Informar a la práctica clínica sobre las estrategias de prevención de caídas para los adultos mayores.

Principales métodos:

Revisión sistemática de la evidencia sobre las intervenciones relevantes para la atención primaria para la prevención de caídas.
Centrado en adultos residentes en la comunidad de 65 años o más sin osteoporosis diagnosticada o deficiencia de vitamina D.
Evaluación de la eficacia y los daños del ejercicio, las intervenciones multifactoriales y la suplementación con vitamina D.

Principales resultados:

Las intervenciones de ejercicio demuestran beneficios moderados en la prevención de caídas para los adultos mayores en riesgo.
Las intervenciones multifactoriales muestran un pequeño beneficio en la prevención de caídas.
La suplementación de vitamina D no mostró ningún beneficio en la prevención de caídas y conlleva daños de pequeños a moderados.

Conclusiones:

Se recomiendan intervenciones de ejercicio para la prevención de caídas en adultos mayores en riesgo (recomendación B).
Las intervenciones multifactoriales pueden ofrecerse selectivamente, teniendo en cuenta los factores individuales del paciente (recomendación C).
No se recomienda la suplementación de vitamina D para la prevención de caídas en este grupo demográfico (recomendación D).

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