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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Cristales líquidos moleculares y coloidales híbridos

Haridas Mundoor1, Sungoh Park1, Bohdan Senyuk1

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Los investigadores crearon un nuevo fluido nemático ortorrómbico combinando varillas coloidales inorgánicas con cristales líquidos moleculares. Este material híbrido exhibe propiedades únicas y puede ser controlado con campos externos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la materia blanda
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Ciencia coloidal

Sus antecedentes:

  • El orden y la fluidez coexisten en sistemas como membranas biológicas y cristales líquidos.
  • Los sistemas de materia blanda a menudo exhiben una mayor simetría que sus bloques de construcción constituyentes.
  • Los cristales líquidos nemáticos se caracterizan por el orden de orientación de las moléculas tipo varilla.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el comportamiento de autoensamblaje y fase de fluidos híbridos compuestos de varillas coloidales y moleculares.
  • Explorar la formación de nuevas fases ordenadas en mezclas de partículas anisotrópicas.
  • Comprender la interacción entre los diferentes tipos de bloques de construcción en un sistema de fluidos.

Principales métodos:

  • Dispersión de barras coloidales inorgánicas de un micrómetro de largo en un fluido cristalino líquido nemático.
  • Observación experimental de la formación de la fase y la caracterización estructural.
  • Desarrollo de un modelo de grano grueso para explicar el diagrama de fase observado y las distribuciones orientacionales.

Principales resultados:

  • Formación de un fluido nemático ortorrómbico a partir de la interacción de varillas coloidales y moleculares uniaxiales.
  • Identificación de una fase nemática biaxial y dos fases uniaxial en el diagrama de fase temperatura-concentración experimental.
  • Demostración de que los fluidos híbridos presentan propiedades de cristales ópticos biaxiales y pueden ser cambiados por campos eléctricos y magnéticos.

Conclusiones:

  • Los fluidos moleculares-coloidales híbridos pueden exhibir fases ordenadas únicas con simetrías distintas de sus componentes.
  • El modelo de grano grueso desarrollado predice con precisión el comportamiento de fase y el ordenamiento de orientación.
  • Estos materiales híbridos sintonizables tienen potencial para aplicaciones en óptica y materiales sensibles.