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Receptor macrocíclico para complejos de coordinación de oro precioso, platino o paladio

Wenqi Liu¹, Allen G Oliver¹, Bradley D Smith¹

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 23, 2018

Resumen

Dos nuevos receptores macrocíclicos se unen selectivamente a complejos de metales preciosos como el oro, el platino y el paladio. Este reconocimiento supramolecular avanza las aplicaciones en minería, reciclaje y medicina.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química supramolecular
Química de coordinación
Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

Los complejos metálicos aniónicos, cuadrados y planos de oro, platino y paladio son importantes en la catálisis y la medicina.
El reconocimiento selectivo y la unión de estos complejos de metales preciosos siguen siendo un desafío en la química supramolecular.

Objetivo del estudio:

Diseñar y sintetizar nuevos receptores tetralactámicos macrocíclicos para el encapsulado selectivo de complejos aniónicos de metales preciosos.
Investigar el modo de reconocimiento supramolecular y las interacciones de unión entre los receptores y los huéspedes metálicos.

Principales métodos:

Síntesis de dos receptores tetralactámicos macrocíclicos.
Cristalografía de rayos X para determinar las estructuras de estado sólido de los complejos receptor-invitado.
Estudios de unión al estado de solución (1:1 constantes de asociación) en disolventes orgánicos.

Principales resultados:

Encapsulación selectiva de complejos aniónicos de oro (III), platino (II) y paladio (II) (por ejemplo, AuCl4-, AuBr4-, PtCl4-2, Pd2Cl6-2) por los receptores macrocíclicos.
Los receptores cuentan con estructuras preorganizadas con donantes de electrones arenos y donantes de enlaces de hidrógeno para interacciones no covalentes con huéspedes metálicos.
Las estructuras de estado sólido revelan un enlace complementario, con constantes de solución correlacionadas con las características de estado sólido.

Conclusiones:

Los receptores macrocíclicos desarrollados demuestran un modo único de reconocimiento supramolecular de los complejos de metales preciosos.
Estos receptores muestran potencial para aplicaciones en la recuperación de metales preciosos, catálisis, nanociencia y medicina.
El estudio proporciona una base para el diseño de sistemas avanzados de anfitrión-invitado para el reconocimiento de iones metálicos.

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