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Desde el comportamiento colectivo local hasta los patrones migratorios globales en las cigüeñas blancas
Andrea Flack1,2, Máté Nagy3,4,5, Wolfgang Fiedler6,2
1Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany. aflack@orn.mpg.de mnagy@orn.mpg.de.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 26, 2018
Resumen
Las cigüeñas blancas migratorias usan a los líderes para encontrar las termales, pero los seguidores obtienen menos beneficios. Los líderes navegan térmicamente de manera efectiva, mientras que los seguidores experimentan una distancia de migración reducida y un mayor gasto de energía.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ornitología
- El comportamiento de los animales
- Ecología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las aves migratorias que vuelan utilizan las energías térmicas para viajes de larga distancia eficientes.
- Comprender el movimiento colectivo y el uso de la información social en la migración de aves silvestres es un desafío.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la dinámica de movimiento grupal de las cigüeñas blancas durante la migración natural.
- Analizar los costos y beneficios del uso térmico colectivo en una población de aves silvestres.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizamos GPS de alta resolución y acelerómetros para rastrear 27 cigüeñas blancas juveniles.
- Analizó patrones de movimiento individuales y grupales en múltiples escalas.
Principales resultados:
- Un pequeño número de líderes localizados y explorados térmicos.
- Los seguidores se beneficiaron de los descubrimientos térmicos de los líderes, pero dejaron los térmicos antes y a menor altitud.
- Los seguidores exhibieron un mayor esfuerzo de aleteo y distancias de migración anuales más cortas en comparación con los líderes.
Conclusiones:
- Los líderes juegan un papel crucial en la navegación de las vías térmicas para los migrantes sociales.
- El movimiento colectivo implica compensaciones, con seguidores que experimentan beneficios reducidos y costos aumentados.
- Este estudio ofrece información sobre las interacciones sociales y las estrategias de movimiento en las aves migratorias que vuelan libremente.
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