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Arquitectura enzimática: Cadenas laterales de aminoácidos que funcionan para optimizar la basicidad del glutamato del
Xiang Zhai1, Christopher J Reinhardt2, M Merced Malabanan3
1Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, SUNY , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 5, 2018
Resumen
Este estudio investiga la cinética de la enzima triosefosfato isomerasa (TIM) y la inhibición por el trianión fosfoglicolado. Mutaciones que alteran el TIM
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica
- Cinética de las enzimas
- Ingeniería de proteínas
Sus antecedentes:
- La triosefosfato isomerasa (TIM) cataliza un paso crucial en la glucólisis.
- Comprender el mecanismo catalítico de TIM y la unión al sustrato es vital para la investigación de la vía metabólica.
- Los inhibidores como el fosfoglicolato trianión proporcionan información sobre las interacciones del sitio activo de la enzima.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterización de la cinética dependiente del pH del tipo salvaje y del TIM mutante.
- Para aclarar el papel de los residuos de aminoácidos específicos en la actividad catalítica de TIM y la unión al sustrato.
- Investigar el mecanismo de inhibición por el trianión fosfoglicolado.
Principales métodos:
- Ensayos cinéticos enzimáticos que miden el kcat y el Km.
- Determinación de las constantes de inhibición (Ki) para el trianión fosfoglicolado.
- Análisis de los perfiles de pH para el tipo silvestre y el tipo mutante.
- Análisis de correlación de energía libre lineal.
Principales resultados:
- Los perfiles de pH revelan eventos de protonación durante la unión del trianión fosfoglicolado al TIM.
- Se encontró una fuerte correlación entre la eficiencia catalítica (kcat/ Km) y la afinidad de unión al inhibidor.
- Las mutaciones alteraron significativamente tanto la actividad catalítica como el pKa de los principales residuos del sitio activo.
- Se identificaron residuos específicos (E165, Y208, S211, I170, P166) como críticos para la función del TIM.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio apoya un modelo en el que los residuos de aminoácidos específicos estabilizan el estado de transición y mejoran la basicidad del E165.
- Las mutaciones que afectan a estos residuos afectan tanto a la eficiencia catalítica como a la unión al inhibidor.
- El mecanismo catalítico de TIM implica el posicionamiento preciso de los residuos del sitio activo para facilitar la isomerización del sustrato.
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