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Isomerización de la retina en la bacteriorhodopsina capturada por un láser de rayos X de femtosegundo

Przemyslaw Nogly¹, Tobias Weinert^1,2, Daniel James¹

¹Division of Biology and Chemistry-Laboratory for Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 16, 2018

Resumen

La isomerización ultrarrápida de la retina en la bacteriorhodopsina fue captada utilizando un láser de rayos X. Esto revela cómo la luz impulsa cambios estructurales esenciales para las funciones biológicas como la visión y el transporte de iones.

Área de la Ciencia:

La biofísica
La fotoquímica
Biología estructural

Sus antecedentes:

La isomerización de la retina es crucial para la visión y los procesos biológicos impulsados por la luz.
Bacteriorhodopsin es un sistema modelo para el estudio de bombas de iones activadas por luz.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la dinámica estructural ultrarrápida de la isomerización de la retina en la bacteriorhodopsina.
Para dilucidar los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a esta reacción fotoquímica en resolución de femtosegundos.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó un láser de rayos X para lograr una resolución temporal de subpicosegundos.
Obtuvo instantáneas estructurales con una resolución espacial casi atómica.

Principales resultados:

Se observaron los cambios conformacionales de todo el retinal trans durante la isomerización.
Capturado la geometría retorcida transitorio y la formación de la conformación 13-cis.
Movimientos colectivos ultra rápidos identificados de residuos de ácido aspártico y moléculas de agua cerca de la base de Schiff de la retina.

Conclusiones:

Estos movimientos son clave para la reacción fotoquímica estereoselectiva y eficiente.
Proporciona información sobre los pasos fundamentales de la conversión de energía luminosa en los sistemas biológicos.

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