Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Feb 8, 2026

08:43
Metagenomic Analysis of Silage
Published on: January 13, 2017
19.1K
Un grupo distinto y abundante de rodopsinas microbianas descubierto utilizando metagenómica funcional
Alina Pushkarev1, Keiichi Inoue2,3,4,5, Shirley Larom1
1Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Nature
|June 22, 2018
Resumen
Los científicos descubrieron las heliorhodopsinas, una nueva familia de pigmentos sensibles a la luz. Estas abundantes rodopsinas microbianas tienen una orientación de membrana única y fotociclos lentos que retienen protones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica
- Microbiología
- Biología estructural
Sus antecedentes:
- Las rodopsinas son proteínas de membrana integrales cruciales para la captura de luz en muchos organismos.
- Dos familias conocidas, las rodopsinas tipo 1 (microbianas) y tipo 2 (animales), comparten similitudes estructurales a pesar de la baja homología de secuencia.
- Estas proteínas se unen a los cromóforos de la retina, generalmente formando un enlace de base de Schiff protonado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y caracterizar las nuevas familias de rodopsinas.
- Investigar la estructura, función y distribución de las rodopsinas recién descubiertas.
Principales métodos:
- La metagenómica funcional fue empleada para descubrir nuevas familias de rodopsinas.
- El análisis espectroscópico se utilizó para estudiar los fotociclos de heliorhodopsina.
- Se utilizaron enfoques bioinformáticos para evaluar su distribución global.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó una nueva y diversa familia de rodopsinas, denominadas heliorhodopsinas.
- Las heliorhodopsinas exhiben una orientación única de la membrana con N terminales hacia el citoplasma.
- Poseen fotociclos lentos (> 1 segundo) con isomerización retiniana y transferencia de protones, pero sin liberación de protones.
- Las heliorhodopsinas son globalmente abundantes en las arqueas, bacterias, eucariotas y sus virus.
Conclusiones:
- Las heliorhodopsinas representan una familia de proteínas sensibles a la luz ampliamente extendida y hasta ahora desconocida.
- Sus características únicas sugieren nuevos roles en la detección de luz microbiana y la transducción de energía.
- El descubrimiento amplía nuestra comprensión de la diversidad de rodopsina y la evolución en el mundo microbiano.
Más Videos Relacionados
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
Channel Rhodopsins
3.3K
Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
3.3K
Microbial Morphologies
3.6K
Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
3.6K
Microbial Fermentation
1.5K
Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
1.5K
Microbial Classification System
1.2K
Classification is the process of organizing organisms into hierarchically inclusive groups based on their phenotypic similarities or evolutionary relationships. A species comprises one or more strains, and closely related species are grouped into genera. Genera are further classified into families, families into orders, orders into classes, and so forth, up to the domain level, which is the broadest taxonomic rank derived from a combination of phenotypic and genotypic data.The nomenclature of...
1.2K
Microbial Nutrition
1.3K
Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
1.3K
Structural Protein Function
30.0K
Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity. In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity. In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
30.0K

