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Transporte molecular balístico a través de canales bidimensionales

A Keerthi^1,2, A K Geim^3,4, A Janardanan¹

¹School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

|June 22, 2018

Resumen

El transporte de gas a través de canales a nanoescala puede ser sin fricción y extremadamente rápido debido a la dispersión especular de la superficie, desafiando la teoría tradicional de Knudsen y revelando efectos cuánticos a temperatura ambiente.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencia e ingeniería a nanoescala
Física y química de las superficies
La mecánica cuántica

Sus antecedentes:

La permeación de gas a través de los poros a nanoescala es crucial para los procesos naturales y la tecnología.
La teoría de Knudsen, asumiendo la dispersión difusa, describe convencionalmente el flujo de gas en pequeños poros.
La reflexión especular se ha observado raramente, lo que limita la comprensión de las interacciones gas-superficie.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los mecanismos de transporte de gas en canales de escala Ångström con superficies atómicamente planas.
Explorar la influencia del paisaje atómico de la superficie y los efectos cuánticos en la dispersión del gas.
Para demostrar los fenómenos de transporte de gases controlados en la escala cuántica.

Principales métodos:

Fabricación de canales a escala Ångström utilizando grafeno, nitruro de boro y disulfuro de molibdeno.
Medición experimental de la permeación de gas de helio e hidrógeno/deuterio a través de estos canales.
Análisis del comportamiento del transporte de gas en relación con la topografía de la superficie y las propiedades mecánicas cuánticas.

Principales resultados:

Dispersión especular de la superficie observada en los canales de grafeno y nitruro de boro, lo que lleva al transporte balístico y a un flujo de helio significativamente mejorado.
Los canales de disulfuro de molibdeno exhibieron una permeación más lenta, consistente con la difusión de Knudsen debido a las ondulaciones superficiales más grandes.
Se observó un efecto isotópico invertido para el flujo de hidrógeno / deuterio, lo que indica contribuciones de onda de materia cuántica.

Conclusiones:

La dispersión superficial en los canales de nanoescala puede ser especular, impulsada por el paisaje atómico y los efectos cuánticos, incluso a temperatura ambiente.
El transporte de gas balístico y sin fricción es posible en canales de ingeniería de precisión.
Estos hallazgos ofrecen nuevos conocimientos sobre el transporte de gases atómicos y abren posibilidades para el flujo a nanoescala controlado cuánticamente.

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