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Un mecanismo molecular para elegir el alcohol sobre una recompensa alternativa
Eric Augier1, Estelle Barbier2, Russell S Dulman3
1Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, IKE, Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden. eric.augier@liu.se.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 23, 2018
Resumen
Los investigadores encontraron que la expresión reducida del transportador de ácido gamma-aminobutírico (GABA) GAT-3 en la amígdala está relacionada con la adicción al alcohol tanto en ratas como en humanos. Esto sugiere que GAT-3 puede ser un objetivo terapéutico para el trastorno por consumo de alcohol.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Investigación de las adicciones
- Biología molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- La adicción al alcohol se caracteriza por una preferencia por el alcohol sobre las recompensas naturales.
- Esta preferencia se asocia con comportamientos similares a la adicción, incluida la alta motivación y el uso continuo a pesar de las consecuencias negativas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos neurobiológicos que subyacen a la elección del alcohol sobre las recompensas saludables.
- Para identificar posibles objetivos moleculares para el tratamiento de la adicción al alcohol.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un procedimiento de selección exclusivo con ratas de raza extranjera para identificar a las personas que preferían el alcohol a una recompensa de alto valor.
- La expresión del transportador de GABA GAT-3 fue analizada en la amígdala de ratas que prefieren el alcohol y en humanos dependientes del alcohol.
- Se realizó un knockdown de GAT-3 para evaluar su efecto en el comportamiento de elección en ratas.
Principales resultados:
- Aproximadamente el 15% de las ratas mostraron preferencia por el alcohol y rasgos similares a la adicción.
- Se observó una disminución selectiva de la expresión de GAT-3 en la amígdala de ratas que eligieron el alcohol.
- Esta disminución de GAT-3 también se encontró en la amígdala central de los seres humanos dependientes del alcohol.
- La eliminación de GAT-3 invirtió la preferencia por las soluciones dulces, lo que condujo a la elección del alcohol en las ratas.
Conclusiones:
- El deterioro del aclaramiento del ácido gamma-aminobutírico (GABA) en la amígdala, debido a la expresión reducida de GAT-3, contribuye a la adicción al alcohol.
- Estos hallazgos se traducen a través de especies (ratas y humanos).
- GAT-3 en la amígdala representa un objetivo terapéutico potencial para las farmacoterapias de trastornos por consumo de alcohol.
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