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Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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Nuclear Fusion02:45

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
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Nuclear Stability03:18

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Nuclear Fission02:50

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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
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Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass
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La membrana nuclear interna es un territorio metabólicamente activo que genera gotas de lípidos nucleares

Anete Romanauska1, Alwin Köhler1

  • 1Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.

Cell
|June 26, 2018
PubMed
Resumen

La membrana nuclear interna (INM) metaboliza activamente los lípidos, formando gotas de lípidos nucleares para su almacenamiento. Este descubrimiento vincula el metabolismo de la membrana nuclear con la regulación del genoma y puede tener un impacto en la investigación de la lipodistrofia humana.

Palabras clave:
Se llama Lipin.Seipin también.Diacilglicerol y sus derivadosEl retículo endoplasmáticomembrana nuclear internametabolismo de los lípidossensores de lípidosgotas de lípidos nuclearesÁcido fosfatídicoFactor de transcripción

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular
  • Biología molecular
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La membrana nuclear interna (INM) es parte de la envoltura nuclear, que encierra el genoma.
  • La membrana nuclear externa (ONM) se conecta con el retículo endoplasmático (ER), un centro de síntesis de lípidos.
  • Las funciones metabólicas del INM se han entendido mal en comparación con el ER y el ONM.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las capacidades metabólicas de la membrana nuclear interna (INM).
  • Explorar el papel del INM en el metabolismo y el almacenamiento de lípidos.
  • Comprender la regulación de la formación de gotas de lípidos nucleares y su conexión con la regulación del genoma.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) como organismo modelo.
  • Enzimas identificadas dirigidas al INM para el metabolismo de los lípidos.
  • Investigó la formación y la función de las gotas de lípidos nucleares y los puentes de membrana asociados.
  • Analizó el circuito genético que controla la síntesis de gotas de lípidos nucleares.
  • Examinó el secuestro de factores de transcripción por gotas de lípidos nucleares.

Principales resultados:

  • Se demostró que el INM es capaz de metabolismo y almacenamiento de lípidos.
  • Se demostró que S. cerevisiae sintetiza gotas de lípidos nucleares del INM.
  • Puentes de membrana dependientes de Seipin identificados involucrados en el intercambio lipídico.
  • Descubrió un circuito genético que regula la síntesis de gotas de lípidos nucleares.
  • Se reveló que las gotas de lípidos nucleares regulan este circuito secuestrando un factor de transcripción.

Conclusiones:

  • La membrana nuclear interna (INM) posee una actividad metabólica lipídica adaptable.
  • La formación de gotas de lípidos nucleares está relacionada con el metabolismo INM y la regulación del genoma.
  • Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la comprensión de la lipodistrofia humana y las interacciones entre el genoma nuclear.