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Evidencia de la muy rápida cristalización del océano de magma y la formación de la corteza en Marte

Laura C Bouvier¹, Maria M Costa¹, James N Connelly¹

¹Centre for Star and Planet Formation and Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

|June 29, 2018

Resumen

Los circones marcianos más antiguos, fechados hace 4.476 millones de años, revelan que Marte formó su corteza primordial muy temprano. Esta formación temprana de la corteza indica la rápida diferenciación planetaria y la cristalización del océano de magma poco después del Sistema Solar

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias planetarias
Geoquímica
Cosmoquímica

Sus antecedentes:

El momento de la formación de la corteza primordial en los planetas terrestres es crucial para comprender la evolución planetaria.
La datación U-Pb de Zircon y el análisis de isótopos Hf lo hacen ideal para estudiar la historia temprana de la corteza.
Estudios anteriores sugirieron la formación temprana de la corteza marciana hace alrededor de 4,430 millones de años en base a los circones en los meteoritos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para fechar con precisión los antiguos zircones de la brecha de regolito marciano NWA 7034.
Para determinar la composición de isótopos Hf y el reservorio de origen de estos antiguos zircones.
Para restringir el momento de la formación de la corteza primordial y la diferenciación planetaria temprana en Marte.

Principales métodos:

Datamiento isotópico de uranio-plomo (U-Pb) de alta precisión de los circones.
Análisis isotópico de lutecio-hafnio (¹⁷⁶Lu-¹⁷⁶Hf) para determinar las características del depósito de origen.
Análisis de los circones de la brecha de regolito marciano NWA 7034.

Principales resultados:

Siete circones produjeron U-Pb con edades entre 4.476,3 ± 0,9 y 4.429,7 ± 1,0 millones de años, lo que representa el material fechado más antiguo de Marte.
Todos los zircones analizados exhibieron composiciones iniciales de isótopos Hf no radiogénicos, lo que indica la derivación de una corteza enriquecida formada hace 4,547 millones de años.
Los datos sugieren que una corteza primordial existió hace 4,547 millones de años y fue reelaborada alrededor de 100 millones de años después.

Conclusiones:

Marte poseía una corteza primordial hace 4,547 millones de años, formada a partir de una fuente andesítica enriquecida.
La rápida formación de esta corteza implica que la acreción de Marte, la formación del núcleo y la cristalización del océano de magma se completaron dentro de los 20 millones de años de la formación del Sistema Solar.
Estos hallazgos apoyan los modelos de diferenciación planetaria extremadamente rápida y el vuelco del manto en los primeros días de Marte.

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