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Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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Kinetic Energy00:23

Kinetic Energy

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Kinetic energy is the ability of an object in motion to do work or enact change. It can take on many forms. For instance, water flowing down a waterfall has kinetic energy. In biological systems, particles of light travel and are absorbed by plants to create chemical energy. Animals consume the chemical energy and give off molecules that carry their scent through the air. They also generate kinetic energy when they run away from predators. Entire systems also possess kinetic energy, like the...
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What is Energy?04:10

What is Energy?

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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Free Energy01:21

Free Energy

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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
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Energy Basics02:27

Energy Basics

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Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter.
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Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

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The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
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Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
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Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe

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Sistemas energéticos con cero emisiones netas

Steven J Davis1,2, Nathan S Lewis3, Matthew Shaner4

  • 1Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. sjdavis@uci.edu nslewis@caltech.edu kcaldeira@carnegiescience.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 30, 2018
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La descarbonización de servicios esenciales como el transporte y la fabricación es urgente. Las tecnologías existentes pueden eliminar las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2), pero requieren reducciones de costes y sistemas energéticos integrados.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Análisis de los sistemas energéticos
  • Ecología industrial
  • Mitigación del cambio climático

Sus antecedentes:

  • Algunos servicios energéticos y procesos industriales, incluidos el transporte de mercancías a larga distancia, los viajes aéreos, la electricidad confiable y la producción de acero y cemento, son difíciles de descarbonizar.
  • La creciente demanda de estos servicios, junto con los largos plazos de desarrollo tecnológico y la infraestructura existente, requiere una acción climática urgente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar los obstáculos y las oportunidades en la descarbonización de sectores difíciles de reducir.
  • Identificar posibles soluciones tecnológicas y prioridades de investigación y desarrollo para estos sectores.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de las tecnologías existentes y emergentes para la reducción de emisiones.
  • Evaluación de los factores económicos y operativos que influyen en la adopción de la tecnología.
  • Revisión de las necesidades de investigación e innovación.

Principales resultados:

  • Una variedad de tecnologías existentes pueden satisfacer las demandas futuras sin emisiones netas de dióxido de carbono (CO2).
  • El éxito de la descarbonización depende de la reducción de costes a través de la investigación y la innovación.
  • El despliegue coordinado y la integración entre las industrias energéticas son cruciales.

Conclusiones:

  • La descarbonización de sectores difíciles de reducir es posible con las tecnologías actuales.
  • Se requieren avances significativos en la rentabilidad y la integración operativa.
  • La investigación estratégica, el desarrollo y la colaboración intersectorial son esenciales para los objetivos climáticos.