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El control del tono vocal en la corteza motora laríngea humana
Benjamin K Dichter1, Jonathan D Breshears2, Matthew K Leonard2
1Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; UC Berkeley and UCSF Joint Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Cell
|June 30, 2018
Resumen
Los científicos encontraron áreas específicas del cerebro en la corteza motora laríngea dorsal (dLMC) que controlan el tono vocal durante el habla. Este descubrimiento arroja luz sobre la base neuronal de la entonación del habla humana y el control voluntario del tono.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Ciencias del habla
- La lingüística
Sus antecedentes:
- La modulación del tono vocal es crucial para transmitir el significado lingüístico en el habla humana, formando patrones de entonación.
- Este sofisticado control sobre el tono vocal es una habilidad humana única entre los primates.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la codificación neural del tono vocal durante el habla humana natural.
- Para identificar regiones específicas del cerebro responsables del control voluntario del tono vocal.
Principales métodos:
- Las grabaciones corticales de alta densidad se realizaron directamente desde el cerebro humano durante las tareas de habla natural.
- Se analizó la actividad neuronal para identificar la codificación selectiva del tono vocal.
- Se utilizó la estimulación focal directa de las regiones cerebrales identificadas para confirmar las funciones causales.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró que las poblaciones neuronales en la corteza motora laríngea dorsal bilateral (dLMC) codifican selectivamente el tono vocal producido.
- Estos sitios dLMC eran responsables de controlar los acentos cortos utilizados para el énfasis prosódico.
- Se identificaron sitios corticales separados para expresar y contornos de frases de tono más largos.
- La estimulación directa de dLMC evocó movimientos laríngeos y vocalizaciones, confirmando su papel causal.
Conclusiones:
- La corteza motora laríngea dorsal (dLMC) juega un papel crítico en el control voluntario del tono vocal en el habla humana.
- Estos hallazgos revelan la base neuronal para producir patrones de entonación esenciales para la comunicación lingüística.
- El estudio destaca los mecanismos neuronales especializados que subyacen al control de la vocalización humana.
Palabras clave:
estimulación corticalla corteza humanaLaringe y bocaLa corteza motorael tonoel cantoel discursoVocalizaciónla expresiónMás Videos Relacionados
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