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El poblado prehistórico del sudeste asiático
Hugh McColl1, Fernando Racimo1, Lasse Vinner1
1Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 7, 2018
Resumen
Los genomas antiguos revelan que la historia del sudeste asiático (SEA) es compleja. Tanto los cazadores-recolectores de Hòabìnhian como los agricultores del este de Asia dieron forma al SEA
Área de la Ciencia:
- Arqueogenética
- Prehistoria del sudeste asiático
- Genética de la población humana
Sus antecedentes:
- Se debate la historia de la ocupación humana del sudeste asiático, con teorías sobre el desplazamiento de cazadores-recolectores por parte de los agricultores.
- Las hipótesis existentes incluyen el desarrollo agrícola indígena o un modelo de expansión agrícola de "dos capas".
- Resolver estos debates es clave para comprender la diversidad genética del sudeste asiático.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la compleja historia de la población humana del sudeste asiático.
- Para probar las hipótesis de la competencia con respecto a los orígenes de la diversidad genética del sudeste asiático.
- Proporcionar una perspectiva genética de alta resolución sobre migraciones antiguas y eventos de mezcla.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación del genoma completo de 26 individuos antiguos (25 del sudeste asiático, 1 de Japón).
- Análisis del ADN antiguo para inferir la estructura de la población, la mezcla y los patrones de migración.
- Comparación de datos genómicos antiguos con poblaciones modernas para rastrear la ascendencia.
Principales resultados:
- Ni el desarrollo agrícola indígena ni la hipótesis de expansión de los agricultores de "dos capas" explican completamente la historia de la población del sudeste asiático.
- Los genomas antiguos muestran contribuciones tanto de los cazadores-recolectores de Hòabìnhian como de los agricultores del este asiático a las actuales poblaciones del sudeste asiático.
- Las migraciones adicionales afectaron a regiones específicas, incluidas las islas del sudeste asiático y Vietnam.
Conclusiones:
- La historia humana del sudeste asiático es más compleja de lo que se pensaba.
- Tanto las poblaciones forrajeras como las agrícolas jugaron un papel importante en la configuración del paisaje genético de la región.
- La genómica antigua proporciona ideas cruciales para resolver controversias prehistóricas de larga data en el sudeste asiático.
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