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Viral Structure00:56

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
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Gastroenteritis causada por el virus

Krisztián Bányai1, Mary K Estes2, Vito Martella3

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|July 21, 2018
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las vacunas contra el rotavirus reducen significativamente las hospitalizaciones por gastroenteritis en niños menores de cinco años. La prevención del norovirus se centra en la higiene y la desinfección ambiental, con vacunas aún en desarrollo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Virología
  • Salud pública
  • Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los virus entéricos, especialmente los rotavirus y los norovirus, son las principales causas mundiales de gastroenteritis.
  • Los rotavirus afectan desproporcionadamente a los niños pequeños, causando mortalidad y hospitalizaciones significativas, especialmente en los países en desarrollo.
  • Los norovirus son una causa principal de enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos y brotes en todos los grupos de edad.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar el impacto de las vacunas contra el rotavirus en las admisiones hospitalarias.
  • Discutir las estrategias de prevención actuales para las infecciones por norovirus.
  • Destacar el estado del desarrollo de la vacuna contra el norovirus y el tratamiento de la gastroenteritis viral.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de los datos de la aplicación de la vacuna contra el rotavirus en varios países.
  • Revisión de las medidas de prevención de norovirus establecidas.
  • Resumen de los ensayos clínicos en curso para las vacunas contra el norovirus.

Principales resultados:

  • La vacunación contra el rotavirus condujo a una disminución del 49-89% en los ingresos hospitalarios asociados al rotavirus y a una disminución del 17-55% en los ingresos hospitalarios por gastroenteritis por todas las causas en niños menores de cinco años en un plazo de dos años.
  • El control actual del norovirus se basa en la higiene y la desinfección; la eficacia de la vacuna contra diversas cepas es incierta.
  • El reemplazo de líquidos y electrolitos sigue siendo el tratamiento principal para la gastroenteritis viral.

Conclusiones:

  • Las vacunas contra el rotavirus son muy eficaces para reducir las hospitalizaciones por gastroenteritis infantil.
  • Se necesitan vacunas efectivas contra el norovirus y se deben mantener las estrategias de prevención actuales.
  • Se requiere más investigación para las vacunas de norovirus duraderas y un mejor manejo de la gastroenteritis.