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Pruebas de radar de agua líquida subglacial en Marte
R Orosei1, S E Lauro2, E Pettinelli2
1Istituto di Radioastronomia, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy. roberto.orosei@inaf.it.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 27, 2018
Resumen
Los científicos encontraron evidencia de agua líquida debajo de los depósitos estratificados del polo sur de Marte utilizando datos de radar. Este descubrimiento sugiere que un cuerpo estable de agua subterránea puede existir en el Planeta Rojo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias
- La geofísica
- Astrobiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La existencia de agua líquida en Marte es una pregunta clave en la ciencia planetaria.
- Estudios anteriores han sugerido la posibilidad de agua subterránea, particularmente en los polos, pero ha faltado evidencia directa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el subsuelo de los depósitos en capas del Polo Sur de Marte en busca de evidencia de agua líquida.
- Para analizar los datos de radar en busca de anomalías indicativas de materiales portadores de agua.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó el radar avanzado de Marte para el sondeo de la superficie y la ionosfera (MARSIS) a bordo de la nave espacial Mars Express.
- Estudio de la región de Planum Australe entre mayo de 2012 y diciembre de 2015.
- Analizado las reflexiones de radar subterráneo para la permisividad dieléctrica.
Principales resultados:
- Detectamos reflejos de radar subterráneos anormalmente brillantes en una zona de 20 km de ancho dentro de los depósitos estratificados del Polo Sur.
- El análisis cuantitativo reveló una alta permitividad dieléctrica relativa (> 15) para esta característica.
- Los reflejos brillantes y la alta permitividad son consistentes con los materiales portadores de agua.
Conclusiones:
- La firma de radar observada sugiere fuertemente la presencia de un cuerpo estable de agua líquida debajo de la capa de hielo marciana.
- Este hallazgo proporciona la primera evidencia directa de agua líquida en la base de los casquetes polares marcianos.
- El descubrimiento tiene implicaciones significativas para la potencial habitabilidad de Marte.
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