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La complejidad de El Niño y la Oscilación del Sur
Axel Timmermann1,2,3, Soon-Il An4, Jong-Seong Kug5
1Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Busan, South Korea. timmermann@pusan.ac.kr.
Nature
|July 27, 2018
Resumen
Los eventos de El Niño causan el calentamiento tropical del Pacífico y el debilitamiento de los vientos alisios, lo que afecta el clima y los ecosistemas globales. La Oscilación Sur de El Niño (ENSO) es un factor importante de la variabilidad climática de año en año.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del clima
- La oceanografía
- Ciencias atmosféricas
Sus antecedentes:
- Los eventos de El Niño involucran el calentamiento de la superficie del Océano Pacífico tropical y el debilitamiento de los vientos alisios.
- Estos eventos ocurren periódicamente, influyendo en los patrones climáticos globales.
- La Oscilación El Niño-Sur (ENSO) abarca tanto las fases de El Niño como de La Niña, lo que representa una variabilidad climática significativa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para sintetizar el conocimiento actual de la Oscilación Sur de El Niño (ENSO).
- Para explorar la complejidad espacio-temporal de este modo climático principal.
- Para revisar la amplia influencia de ENSO en el sistema de la Tierra.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura científica existente sobre el ENSO.
- Resumen de los conocimientos actuales sobre las características e impactos de ENSO.
- Análisis de los patrones espacio-temporales y las influencias globales.
Principales resultados:
- Los eventos de El Niño se caracterizan por condiciones específicas del océano y la atmósfera en el Pacífico tropical.
- ENSO altera significativamente la circulación atmosférica y oceánica a nivel mundial.
- Los impactos se extienden a los ecosistemas marinos y terrestres, la pesca y las actividades humanas.
Conclusiones:
- ENSO es el factor más importante de la variabilidad climática interanual a nivel mundial.
- Comprender la complejidad de ENSO es crucial para predecir los impactos climáticos.
- Esta sinopsis proporciona una visión general fundamental del papel de ENSO en el sistema de la Tierra.
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