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Desafíos y oportunidades en el control de las infecciones transmitidas por mosquitos

Neil M Ferguson¹

¹MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. neil.ferguson@imperial.ac.uk.

|July 27, 2018

Resumen

Las nuevas intervenciones pueden reducir las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos como el dengue y la malaria. Las pruebas rigurosas son esenciales para programas efectivos, siendo la eliminación del dengue más factible que la malaria.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud global
Epidemiología
Enfermedades transmitidas por vectores

Sus antecedentes:

Las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos causan una morbilidad y mortalidad significativas en todo el mundo, especialmente en las regiones tropicales.
Si bien el control del paludismo ha progresado, la morbilidad asociada sigue siendo alta.
Los arbovirus, como el dengue, representan una carga creciente de enfermedades, incluso en países con baja incidencia de malaria.

Objetivo del estudio:

Discutir el potencial de nuevas intervenciones para reducir la carga de enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos.
Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de ensayos rigurosos y análisis epidemiológicos cuantitativos para los programas de intervención.
Evaluar la viabilidad de la eliminación de enfermedades tanto para la malaria como para el dengue.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura actual sobre el control y las intervenciones de enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos.
Análisis de los datos epidemiológicos para comparar la carga y las tendencias de las enfermedades.
Discusión de los requisitos para el éxito de los programas de intervención y las estrategias de eliminación.

Principales resultados:

Las nuevas intervenciones son prometedoras para reducir sustancialmente la carga de enfermedades en el futuro.
Los ensayos rigurosos y los análisis epidemiológicos cuantitativos son fundamentales para la eficacia de los programas de intervención.
La eliminación del dengue es epidemiológicamente más factible que la de la malaria.
La eliminación de la malaria proporcionaría mayores beneficios generales para la salud pública.

Conclusiones:

La inversión continua en investigación y desarrollo de nuevas intervenciones es crucial.
Se requieren datos sólidos y estrategias basadas en la evidencia para combatir eficazmente las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos.
Si bien la eliminación del dengue es alcanzable, la eliminación de la malaria, aunque más difícil, ofrece mayores beneficios para la salud pública.

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