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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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Acoplamiento coherente de espín-fotón utilizando un qubit de intercambio de resonancia

A J Landig1, J V Koski2, P Scarlino2

  • 1Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland. alandig@phys.ethz.ch.

Nature
|July 27, 2018
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores lograron un fuerte acoplamiento entre fotones de microondas individuales y un qubit de espín de tres electrones. Este avance avanza en el procesamiento de información cuántica al permitir el acoplamiento coherente de larga distancia de los qubits de espín para la computación cuántica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de la información cuántica
  • Física del estado sólido
  • La computación cuántica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los espines de electrones son prometedores para la computación cuántica debido a los largos tiempos de coherencia.
  • El acoplamiento coherente de espines distantes es esencial para el procesamiento de información cuántica escalable.
  • Los fotones pueden servir como portadores de información cuántica, lo que permite las interacciones de espín remotas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para demostrar un fuerte acoplamiento entre fotones de microondas individuales y un qubit de espín de tres electrones.
  • Para investigar la fuerza de acoplamiento qubit-fotón y las tasas de decoherencia qubit.
  • Para explorar la sintonía electrostática de la decoherencia del qubit y su dependencia del momento dipolo eléctrico del qubit.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizando un resonador de alta impedancia de nitruro de niobio y un dispositivo de arseniuro de galio con tres puntos cuánticos.
  • Observando la división del modo Rabi en el vacío como evidencia de acoplamiento fuerte.
  • Empleando el efecto AC Stark para medir la dependencia de la fuerza de acoplamiento qubit-fotón.

Principales resultados:

  • Logró un fuerte acoplamiento entre fotones de microondas individuales y un qubit de espín de tres electrones.
  • Se observó una fuerza de acoplamiento coherente de aproximadamente 31 MHz y una tasa de decoherencia de qubits de aproximadamente 20 MHz.
  • Ajuste electrostático demostrado de la decoherencia a una frecuencia mínima de ~ 10 MHz para una fuerza de acoplamiento de ~ 23 MHz.

Conclusiones:

  • La demostración del fuerte acoplamiento qubit-fotón es un avance significativo para el acoplamiento qubit de espín coherente de larga distancia.
  • Este trabajo allana el camino para redes cuánticas escalables y computación cuántica distribuida utilizando qubits de espín.
  • La capacidad de ajustar el acoplamiento y la descoherencia electrostáticamente ofrece un control preciso sobre los sistemas cuánticos.