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Aumento global de la respiración heterotrófica del suelo en las últimas décadas
Ben Bond-Lamberty1, Vanessa L Bailey2, Min Chen3
1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, USA. bondlamberty@pnnl.gov.
Nature
|August 3, 2018
Resumen
La respiración global del suelo (Rs) está aumentando, con una proporción creciente atribuida a la respiración heterotrófica (Rh). Esto indica que el cambio climático está provocando pérdidas de carbono detectables en los suelos de todo el mundo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del suelo
- Ecología
- Investigación sobre el cambio climático
Sus antecedentes:
- Los suelos almacenan sustancialmente más carbono que la atmósfera.
- Se observa un aumento del flujo de dióxido de carbono (CO2) del suelo a la atmósfera.
- Existe incertidumbre con respecto al impacto del cambio climático en la pérdida de carbono del suelo a través de la respiración heterotrófica (Rh).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la evolución de la relación entre la respiración heterotrófica (Rh) y la respiración total del suelo (Rs).
- Proporcionar evidencia observacional de los cambios en la dinámica global de la respiración del suelo.
- Evaluar la influencia de los cambios ambientales en el almacenamiento y liberación de carbono en el suelo.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó una base de datos mundial actualizada de respiración del suelo (1990-2014).
- Análisis de los conjuntos de datos de la producción primaria bruta mundial (GPP) y la fluorescencia de la clorofila inducida por el sol.
- Los datos examinados de FLUXNET2015 para las tendencias de intercambio de ecosistemas netos.
Principales resultados:
- La relación Rh:Rs aumentó significativamente de 0,54 a 0,63 entre 1990 y 2014.
- Las proporciones de Rh y Rs a GPP también han aumentado con el tiempo.
- Se observaron tendencias al alza consistentes en Rh a través de múltiples conjuntos de datos y modelos globales.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos proporcionan evidencia observacional de un aumento global en la respiración heterotrófica (Rh).
- Esta tendencia sugiere pérdidas continuas de carbono del suelo impulsadas por el clima en diversos ecosistemas.
- A nivel mundial está surgiendo una tendencia detectable y sostenida de pérdida de carbono en el suelo.
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