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Fundamentos computacionales y neurobiológicos de las decisiones de liderazgo
Micah G Edelson1, Rafael Polania2,3, Christian C Ruff2
1Zürich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland. micah.edelson@econ.uzh.ch todd.hare@econ.uzh.ch ernst.fehr@econ.uzh.ch.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 4, 2018
Resumen
Los líderes a menudo evitan tomar decisiones que afectan a otros, un fenómeno llamado aversión a la responsabilidad. Esta aversión proviene de una necesidad cognitiva de certeza, no solo de la preferencia por el riesgo, que afecta la efectividad del liderazgo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- El proceso de toma de decisiones
- Estudios de liderazgo
Sus antecedentes:
- Las decisiones de los líderes afectan significativamente a las personas, las organizaciones y las naciones.
- Comprender las bases psicológicas y neuronales del liderazgo es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos de la responsabilidad en las elecciones de los líderes.
- Identificar y explicar el fenómeno de la aversión a la responsabilidad.
- Para explorar la base neurobiológica de la aversión a la responsabilidad y el liderazgo.
Principales métodos:
- Experimentos conductuales que evalúan la toma de decisiones bajo responsabilidad.
- Técnicas de neuroimagen para examinar la actividad cerebral durante las tareas de elección.
- Modelado computacional para analizar el flujo de información y los procesos cognitivos.
Principales resultados:
- La aversión a la responsabilidad, una voluntad reducida de decidir cuando el bienestar de otros está en juego, está muy extendida.
- La aversión a la responsabilidad no se explica por las preferencias básicas de riesgo, pérdida o ambigüedad.
- Es impulsado por un proceso cognitivo que exige una mayor certeza cuando se trata del bienestar de los demás.
Conclusiones:
- La aversión a la responsabilidad es un fenómeno psicológico distinto que afecta al liderazgo.
- La búsqueda de la certeza cognitiva es un impulsor clave de la aversión a la responsabilidad.
- Los modelos neurobiológicos ofrecen información sobre las diferencias individuales en la aversión a la responsabilidad y la capacidad de liderazgo.
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