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Infección por HTLV-III/LAV en pacientes en hemodiálisis
JAMA
|May 2, 1986
Resumen
Las frecuentes transfusiones de sangre presentan un riesgo de infección por el virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo III / virus asociado a la linfadenopatía (HTLV-III / LAV) en pacientes en hemodiálisis. Sin embargo, este riesgo puede resultar más comúnmente en pruebas de inmunoensayo de enzimas falsamente positivas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología Virología.
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- Nefrología Nefrología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los pacientes de hemodiálisis son una población vulnerable.
- El virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo III / virus asociado a la linfadenopatía (HTLV-III / LAV) es una preocupación significativa para la salud pública.
- Las transfusiones de sangre son comunes en pacientes en hemodiálisis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar la seroprevalencia del HTLV-III/LAV en pacientes en hemodiálisis.
- Investigar las rutas de transmisión del HTLV-III/LAV en los centros de diálisis.
- Para evaluar el riesgo de infección por HTLV-III/LAV asociado con las transfusiones de sangre.
Principales métodos:
- Prueba de inmunometría enzimática (EIA, por sus siglas en inglés) de 520 pacientes en hemodiálisis.
- Pruebas de confirmación utilizando Western blot y cultivo viral para resultados de EIA de alta reactividad.
- Análisis de la historia clínica del paciente, incluidas las transfusiones de sangre y la exposición a antígenos de la línea celular H9.
Principales resultados:
- Veinticinco pacientes (4,8%) fueron seropositivos para el HTLV-III/LAV por EIA.
- Cuatro pacientes tenían alta reactividad de EIA con Western blot positivo y un cultivo positivo.
- Veintiún pacientes tenían baja reactividad de EIA con pruebas de confirmación negativas; 19 tenían anticuerpos contra los antígenos de la línea celular H9.
Conclusiones:
- HTLV-III/LAV no se transmitió dentro de los centros de diálisis estudiados.
- Las frecuentes transfusiones de sangre aumentan el riesgo de infección por HTLV-III/LAV en pacientes en hemodiálisis.
- Las transfusiones de sangre también pueden conducir a una mayor incidencia de resultados de EIA falsos positivos para HTLV-III/LAV.
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