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Efecto de una intervención conductual para niños en edad preescolar con baja asistencia en el cambio en el índice de
Shari L Barkin1, William J Heerman2, Evan C Sommer2
1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
JAMA
|August 9, 2018
Resumen
Una intervención de 36 meses no alteró las trayectorias del índice de masa corporal (IMC) de los niños en edad preescolar con escasa atención. Sin embargo, redujo la ingesta calórica y aumentó el uso del centro comunitario, lo que sugiere el potencial de mejoras específicas en el comportamiento de salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Pediatría
- Ciencias del comportamiento
Sus antecedentes:
- La obesidad infantil es un problema crítico en las poblaciones desatendidas, asociado con mayores riesgos de enfermedades crónicas.
- La intervención temprana es esencial para prevenir la obesidad y sus consecuencias a largo plazo para la salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de una intervención conductual multicomponente de 36 meses en las trayectorias de crecimiento del índice de masa corporal (IMC) de los niños en edad preescolar con riesgo de obesidad.
- Evaluar el efecto de la intervención en los comportamientos de salud en niños de comunidades desatendidas.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo clínico aleatorizado que involucra a 610 parejas de padres e hijos de comunidades desatendidas en Nashville, Tennessee.
- El grupo de intervención recibió un programa de 36 meses basado en la familia y centrado en la comunidad dirigido a los comportamientos de salud.
- El grupo de control recibió sesiones de preparación para la escuela durante 36 meses.
Principales resultados:
- No se observaron diferencias significativas en el resultado primario de la trayectoria del IMC infantil durante 36 meses entre los grupos de intervención y de control (P=,39).
- El grupo de intervención mostró una ingesta calórica media significativamente menor en comparación con el grupo de control (-99,4 kcal/d; P=0,003 corregido).
- Los padres del grupo de intervención informaron un aumento en el uso de los centros comunitarios con sus hijos (RR, 1,29; P corregido = 0,006).
Conclusiones:
- Una intervención conductual multicomponente de 36 meses no alteró la trayectoria del IMC en niños en edad preescolar con escasa atención.
- La intervención demostró efectividad en la reducción de la ingesta calórica y el aumento de la utilización del centro comunitario.
- Se necesita más investigación para explorar la efectividad de diferentes intervenciones de comportamiento o implementación en otros entornos.
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