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The Synapse02:47

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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice
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El complejo THO coordina las transcripciones para el desarrollo de las sinapsis y la supervivencia de las neuronas de

Celine I Maeder1, Jae-Ick Kim2, Xing Liang1

  • 1Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell
|August 28, 2018
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El complejo de exportación nuclear THO (THOC) regula la síntesis de proteínas sinápticas y el desarrollo de las sinapsis. La interrupción de THOC afecta la exportación de ARNm, lo que lleva a defectos neuronales y pérdida de la función de la dopamina en C. elegans y ratones.

Palabras clave:
El CREBEl complejo THOPrograma genético coordinadoneuronas de la dopaminaneurodegeneraciónexportación de energía nuclearEl ensamblaje presináptico

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Biología molecular
  • La genética

Sus antecedentes:

  • La sinaptogénesis requiere una síntesis coordinada de la vesícula sináptica y las proteínas de la zona activa.
  • Los mecanismos moleculares que rigen la síntesis de estas proteínas siguen siendo poco conocidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar los reguladores moleculares del desarrollo de la presinapsia.
  • Para aclarar el papel de la exportación nuclear en la función neuronal y la supervivencia.

Principales métodos:

  • Avanzar las pantallas genéticas en C. elegans.
  • Análisis de los mutantes del complejo de exportación nuclear THO (THOC).
  • Se ha investigado la interacción de la proteína de unión al CRE (CREB) con el THOC.
  • Utilizó modelos de ratón de la disfunción de la neurona dopaminérgica.

Principales resultados:

  • El complejo THOC fue identificado como crucial para el desarrollo de la presinapsia en las neuronas dopaminérgicas de C. elegans.
  • Los mutantes de THOC muestran retención nuclear de ARNm sinápticos, disminución de la expresión de proteínas sinápticas y pérdida de sinapsis.
  • CREB interactúa con THOC para facilitar la exportación nuclear de las transcripciones sinápticas.
  • La deleción de Thoc5 en las neuronas dopaminérgicas del ratón conduce a defectos de mantenimiento de sinapsis, muerte neuronal y déficits motores.

Conclusiones:

  • Los mecanismos de exportación nuclear son críticos para regular la exportación específica de ARNm y la síntesis de proteínas en las neuronas.
  • THOC actúa como un factor limitante de la diferenciación neuronal y la supervivencia mediante el control de la exportación de ARNm sináptico.