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El disco de gas gravitacionalmente inestable de una galaxia estrellada hace 12 mil millones de años
K Tadaki1, D Iono2,3, M S Yun4
1National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan. tadaki.ken@nao.ac.jp.
Nature
|August 31, 2018
Resumen
Las galaxias del Universo primitivo forman estrellas rápidamente en núcleos compactos y polvorientos. Estos núcleos de explosión estelar son gravitatoriamente inestables y consumen gas en un plazo de 100 millones de años.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Astronomía y astrofísica
- La evolución cósmica
- Formación de las galaxias
Sus antecedentes:
- Las galaxias submilimétricas brillantes en el Universo temprano exhiben tasas de formación estelar ~ 1,000 veces más altas que la Vía Láctea.
- Una parte significativa de esta formación estelar está concentrada en regiones compactas y centrales de kiloparsec.
- Comprender las propiedades físicas y cinemáticas de estos núcleos es un desafío debido a la necesidad de una alta resolución angular.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la estructura espacial y cinemática del gas molecular dentro del núcleo oscurecido de una galaxia brillante submilimétrica con desplazamiento al rojo z = 4.3.
- Para determinar si el disco de gas en estos núcleos compactos de explosión estelar es rotativamente sostenido y gravitacionalmente inestable.
- Para estimar la escala de tiempo de consumo de gas para la formación de estrellas en estas primeras galaxias del Universo.
Principales métodos:
- Observaciones de gas y polvo en una galaxia de brillo submilimétrico sin lente a z = 4.3.
- Logró una resolución lineal de 550 parsecs, permitiendo una exploración detallada del núcleo de la galaxia.
- Análisis de las propiedades moleculares del gas, incluida la masa por unidad de área y la cinemática (velocidad de rotación frente a la dispersión de velocidad).
Principales resultados:
- Resolvió la estructura espacial y cinemática del gas molecular dentro del núcleo fuertemente oscurecido por el polvo.
- Se demostró que el disco de gas es grueso y rotativamente soportado, con una velocidad de rotación superior a la dispersión de velocidad.
- El análisis indica que el disco de explosión estelar es gravitacionalmente inestable, con la auto-gravedad dominando la rotación y la presión de retroalimentación.
Conclusiones:
- La inestabilidad gravitacional observada en el disco de explosión estelar sugiere un rápido consumo de gas por la formación estelar.
- Se predice que el gas molecular se consumirá en una escala de tiempo de aproximadamente 100 millones de años.
- Esta escala de tiempo de agotamiento rápido es comparable a la observada en la fusión de galaxias starburst.
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