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El genoma de la amapola y la producción de morfina
Li Guo1,2,3, Thilo Winzer4, Xiaofei Yang1,5
1MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Networks Security, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 China.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 1, 2018
Resumen
Los investigadores secuenciaron el genoma de la amapola del opio, revelando duplicaciones y fusiones de genes. Esta visión genética explica la evolución de los analgésicos de morfina derivados de esta planta.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica
- Biología vegetal
- La bioquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los analgésicos a base de morfina son productos farmacéuticos derivados de la amapola del opio (Papaver somniferum L.).
- La comprensión de la base genética de la producción de metabolitos secundarios en la amapola del opio es esencial para el desarrollo farmacéutico y la mejora de los cultivos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para presentar un proyecto de secuencia del genoma de la amapola del opio (Papaver somniferum L.).
- Investigar la historia evolutiva de los grupos de genes involucrados en la biosíntesis de la morfina.
- Identificar los eventos genéticos clave que contribuyen a la evolución de productos metabólicos especializados.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación del genoma y ensamblaje de Papaver somniferum.
- Análisis de síntesis para inferir eventos de duplicación de todo el genoma.
- Análisis parálogo para identificar fusiones de genes y relaciones evolutivas.
Principales resultados:
- Se ensambló un proyecto de genoma de 2.72 gigabases en 11 cromosomas.
- Evidencia de eventos de duplicación de todo el genoma hace ~ 7.8 millones de años y duplicaciones anteriores a la divergencia Papaveraceae-Ranunculaceae.
- Identificación de eventos de duplicación, reorganización y fusión de genes, incluida la fusión del gen STORR, crucial para la biosíntesis de la morfina.
Conclusiones:
- El genoma de la amapola de opio proporciona un recurso valioso para comprender la evolución del metabolismo secundario.
- La duplicación genética y los eventos de fusión han jugado un papel significativo en la evolución de la vía del alcaloide bencilisoquinolina.
- Este marco genético ayuda a comprender la biosíntesis de los compuestos de morfina.
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