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La luz afecta el estado de ánimo y el aprendizaje a través de distintas vías entre la retina y el cerebro
Diego Carlos Fernandez1, P Michelle Fogerson2, Lorenzo Lazzerini Ospri3
1Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Cell
|September 4, 2018
Resumen
La luz
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Oftalmología
- Cronología
Sus antecedentes:
- La luz tiene un impacto significativo en el estado de ánimo y el aprendizaje, mediado por las células ganglionares de la retina intrínsecamente fotosensibles (ipRGC).
- Las vías neuronales específicas y los mediadores centrales para estos efectos inducidos por la luz siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Elucidar los distintos circuitos neuronales a través de los cuales las células ganglionares de la retina intrínsecamente fotosensibles (ipRGC) regulan el estado de ánimo y el aprendizaje.
- Identificar los mediadores centrales responsables de la influencia de la luz en las funciones cognitivas y el comportamiento afectivo.
Principales métodos:
- Se han investigado distintas vías de salida ipRGC.
- Utilizó una combinación de rastreo neuroanatómico y análisis de comportamiento para mapear las vías de detección de luz.
- Se examinó el papel del núcleo supraquiasmático (SCN) y de una región talámica recientemente identificada (núcleo perihabenular, PHb).
Principales resultados:
- Los efectos de la luz en el aprendizaje están mediados por ipRGCs que se proyectan al núcleo supraquiasmático (SCN), independientemente de su papel de marcapasos.
- La regulación del estado de ánimo por la luz implica una vía independiente del SCN desde los ipRGC hasta el núcleo perihabenular (PHb).
- El núcleo perihabenular (PHb) es crucial para mediar los efectos de la luz en el comportamiento afectivo, conectando los ipRGC a los centros del estado de ánimo.
Conclusiones:
- Distintas corrientes de salida ipRGC regulan diferencialmente el aprendizaje y el estado de ánimo.
- El núcleo supraquiasmático (SCN) está involucrado en el aprendizaje mediado por la luz, mientras que el núcleo perihabenular (PHb) es clave para los efectos del estado de ánimo de la luz.
- Esta investigación revela nuevos sustratos neuronales para cómo la luz influye en la cognición y la emoción.
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