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Una transición de bloqueo de fluido a sólido subyace al alargamiento del eje del cuerpo de los vertebrados
Alessandro Mongera1,2,3, Payam Rowghanian1,2, Hannah J Gustafson1,2,4
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Nature
|September 7, 2018
Resumen
Durante el desarrollo de los vertebrados, los tejidos embrionarios pasan de estados similares a fluidos a sólidos, una transición de atasco que guía el alargamiento del eje corporal y la morfogénesis.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La biofísica
- Biología del desarrollo
- Física de la materia blanda
Sus antecedentes:
- Los colectivos celulares exhiben transiciones de bloqueo, cambiando entre comportamientos de tipo fluido y sólido.
- Estos fenómenos de interferencia se observan en cultivos celulares 2D y 3D y se predicen teóricamente.
- Su aparición y papel funcional in vivo, particularmente durante la morfogénesis embrionaria, siguen siendo en gran medida inexplorados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si las transiciones de atasco ocurren in vivo durante la morfogénesis embrionaria de los vertebrados.
- Determinar el papel funcional de estas transiciones en procesos como el alargamiento del eje del cuerpo.
- Para aclarar los mecanismos físicos subyacentes al comportamiento de los tejidos durante el desarrollo.
Principales métodos:
- Mediciones directas in vivo de la mecánica de los tejidos.
- Análisis de la dinámica celular durante el alargamiento del eje del cuerpo de los vertebrados.
- Cuantificación de los gradientes de tensión de rendimiento dependientes de la N-cadherina.
Principales resultados:
- Los tejidos posteriores de los vertebrados experimentan una transición de atasco de estados similares a fluidos (zona progenitora mesodérmica) a estados similares a sólidos (mesodermo presomítico).
- Un gradiente anteroposterior en el estrés de rendimiento dependiente de N-cadherina aumenta la integridad mecánica del tejido.
- Las rápidas fluctuaciones de estrés a escala celular permiten que el tejido se 'derrita' en el extremo en crecimiento, mientras que las tensiones supracelulares persistentes guían los flujos morfogenéticos.
Conclusiones:
- El control espacio-temporal de los estados de tejido líquido y sólido a través de transiciones de atascamiento es crucial para la morfogénesis embrionaria.
- Esta transición proporciona soporte mecánico para la remodelación y maduración del tejido durante la extensión del eje corporal.
- Las transiciones de atasco representan un mecanismo físico potencialmente genérico que rige el desarrollo embrionario.
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