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¿La migración de los ungulados se transmite culturalmente? Pruebas de aprendizaje social de los animales trasladados

Brett R Jesmer^1,2, Jerod A Merkle², Jacob R Goheen³

¹Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. bjesmer@uwyo.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 8, 2018

Resumen

Las migraciones de ungulados, como las de las ovejas y los alces, evolucionan a través de comportamientos aprendidos y la transmisión cultural del conocimiento de la búsqueda de alimento. Este proceso de aprendizaje es crucial para rastrear la disponibilidad estacional de plantas y mantener los patrones de migración.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
El comportamiento de los animales
Biología evolutiva

Sus antecedentes:

Las migraciones de ungulados a menudo se atribuyen a la información aprendida sobre la distribución estacional de forraje, pero falta evidencia empírica.
Comprender la evolución de la migración es clave para los esfuerzos de conservación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para probar la hipótesis de que el aprendizaje y la transmisión cultural impulsan la migración de ungulados.
Para comparar la migración en poblaciones establecidas frente a las recién trasladadas.

Principales métodos:

Comparación del comportamiento migratorio de las poblaciones históricas de ovejas y alces con individuos translocados en nuevos hábitats.
Cambios observados en la propensión migratoria durante varias décadas en poblaciones translocadas.

Principales resultados:

Los ungulados translocados mostraron inicialmente un comportamiento migratorio reducido en comparación con las poblaciones históricas.
A lo largo de décadas, las poblaciones translocadas desarrollaron comportamientos migratorios, aprendiendo a rastrear el forraje estacional (ondas verdes).

Conclusiones:

El aprendizaje y la transmisión cultural son los principales impulsores de la evolución de la migración de ungulados.
La pérdida de la migración puede conducir a la pérdida de conocimientos ecológicos críticos y a la reducción de la abundancia de la población.

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