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La resistencia a los probióticos empíricos está asociada con características únicas del huésped y el microbioma
Niv Zmora1, Gili Zilberman-Schapira2, Jotham Suez2
1Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel; Internal Medicine Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 6423906, Israel.
Cell
|September 8, 2018
Resumen
Los probióticos sobreviven a la digestión pero luchan por colonizar el revestimiento intestinal debido a la resistencia. Se necesitan estrategias probióticas personalizadas para un microbioma intestinal eficaz y impactos en la salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología
- Investigación del microbioma
- Inmunología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los probióticos son ampliamente utilizados para la salud, pero su efectividad de colonización intestinal es debatida.
- Comprender la interacción de los probióticos con la mucosa intestinal es crucial para optimizar su uso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la eficacia de la colonización probiótica de la mucosa intestinal en ratones y humanos.
- Caracterizar el impacto de los probióticos en el microbioma intestinal y el transcriptoma del huésped.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis metagenómico de microbiomas asociados a la mucosa y a las heces de ratones y humanos.
- Mediciones multiómicas invasivas durante el consumo de probióticos o placebo.
- Comparación de la resistencia a la colonización en ratones libres de gérmenes frente a los colonizados.
Principales resultados:
- Los probióticos se mantuvieron viables después del paso gastrointestinal.
- Los ratones colonizados exhibieron una significativa resistencia de colonización de la mucosa a los probióticos.
- Los patrones de colonización de la mucosa humana eran específicos de la persona, la región y la cepa.
- Los probióticos indujeron efectos transitorios e individualizados en la estructura de la comunidad de la mucosa y el transcriptoma intestinal.
Conclusiones:
- La suplementación probiótica empírica tiene un impacto universal y persistente limitado en la mucosa intestinal.
- Los enfoques probióticos personalizados están justificados para mejorar la eficacia.
- Las características básicas del huésped y el microbioma predicen patrones de colonización probióticos.
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