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Rastrear las cepas del VIH-1 que imprimen respuestas de anticuerpos ampliamente neutralizantes
Roger D Kouyos1,2, Peter Rusert3, Claus Kadelka3,4
1Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. roger.kouyos@usz.ch.
Nature
|September 12, 2018
Resumen
La cepa infectante del VIH influye significativamente en el desarrollo de anticuerpos ampliamente neutralizantes (bNAbs). La identificación de los virus que imprimen bNAb podría ayudar en el diseño de vacunas efectivas contra el VIH.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Virología
- Desarrollo de vacunas
Sus antecedentes:
- El desarrollo de vacunas contra el VIH basadas en anticuerpos ampliamente neutralizantes (bNAb) requiere comprender los factores que impulsan la evolución de bNAb.
- Si bien se conocen los cofactores para la evolución de bNAb, el impacto de la cepa infectante del VIH-1 en la amplitud y especificidad de la respuesta de anticuerpos no está claro.
- Los bNAbs rara vez se inducen durante la infección natural por el VIH-1.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la influencia de los antígenos virales en la configuración de las respuestas de anticuerpos humanos al VIH-1.
- Introducir y proporcionar pruebas para el concepto de virus de impresión bNAb.
- Para investigar la heredabilidad viral de las respuestas de anticuerpos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de 53 parámetros de las respuestas de anticuerpos de unión y neutralización del VIH-1.
- Estudio de una cohorte de 303 parejas de transmisión de VIH-1 con cepas virales muy relacionadas.
- Cribado sistemático de los virus bNAb-imprinting dentro de la cohorte.
Principales resultados:
- La cepa del virus infectante tiene un efecto moderado pero muy significativo en el resultado de las respuestas al bNAb.
- Se encontraron pruebas de la existencia de virus bNAb-imprinting.
- Un par de transmisión demostró una capacidad sustancial de impresión de bNAb con respuestas similares de anticuerpos contra el VIH-1 y una fuerte actividad de bNAb.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos apoyan el concepto de virus de impresión bNAb.
- La identificación y caracterización de los virus que imprimen bNAb puede conducir al desarrollo de nuevos inmunógenos de la vacuna contra el VIH.
- La comprensión de los determinantes virales de las respuestas de anticuerpos es crucial para el diseño eficaz de la vacuna contra el VIH.
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