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Polimorfismo en el benceno-1,3,5-tricarboxamida ensamblajes supramoleculares en el agua: un intercambio sutil entre
Nicholas M Matsumoto1, René P M Lafleur1, Xianwen Lou1
1Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven , the Netherlands.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 18, 2018
Resumen
Las moléculas pequeñas sintéticas, los benceno-1,3,5-tricarboxamidas (BTA), forman nanotubos dinámicos en el agua. Estas estructuras exhiben reorganizaciones reversibles dependientes de la temperatura, allanando el camino para nuevos materiales sensibles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química supramolecular
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Biomateriales
Sus antecedentes:
- El polimorfismo es un fenómeno biológico donde las biomacromoléculas adoptan múltiples conformaciones.
- El polimorfismo controlado en ensamblajes sintéticos es clave para los materiales sensibles bioinspirados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar benceno-1,3,5-tricarboxamidas solubles en agua (BTA) capaces de formar estructuras autoensambladas.
- Investigar la reorganización dinámica dependiente de la temperatura de estos conjuntos, en particular los nanotubos.
Principales métodos:
- Síntesis de BTA funcionalizados con ácido carboxílico.
- Estudios de autoensamblaje en soluciones acuosas.
- Diseminación de rayos X de ángulo pequeño (SAXS) y microscopía electrónica de crio-transmisión (Cryo-TEM) para el análisis estructural.
- Intercambio de hidrógeno y deuterio para medir la dinámica molecular.
Principales resultados:
- Los BTA se autoensamblan en fibras, membranas y nanotubos huecos en el agua.
- Un derivado específico de BTA forma nanotubos que se reorganizan de manera reversible con los cambios de temperatura.
- SAXS y Cryo-TEM confirmaron nanotubos bien ordenados y alargados a temperaturas elevadas.
- El aumento de la dinámica molecular a temperaturas más altas facilita la formación de paredes de nanotubos libres de defectos.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio demuestra la formación controlada de estructuras supramoleculares polimórficas utilizando BTA sintéticos.
- La reorganización dinámica inducida por la temperatura es crucial para formar arquitecturas de nanotubos bien definidas y libres de defectos.
- Estos hallazgos representan un paso significativo hacia la creación de materiales avanzados de bioinspiración.
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