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El papel de las intervenciones educativas para mejorar la racionalidad económica
Hyuncheol Bryant Kim1, Syngjoo Choi2, Booyuel Kim3
1Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. hk788@cornell.edu syngjooc@snu.ac.kr bkim@kdischool.ac.kr cp2124@columbia.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 6, 2018
Resumen
El apoyo financiero a la educación en Malawi mejoró la racionalidad económica de las estudiantes. Este estudio proporciona evidencia experimental de que la escolarización mejora las habilidades de toma de decisiones económicas, lo que afecta el comportamiento financiero a largo plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía del comportamiento
- Economía del desarrollo
- La política de educación
Sus antecedentes:
- La escolarización ofrece ventajas en el mercado laboral y no monetarias.
- La evidencia experimental que vincula las intervenciones educativas con la mejora de la racionalidad económica es escasa.
- Comprender el impacto de la educación en la toma de decisiones es crucial para la política.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Probar experimentalmente si una intervención educativa mejora la racionalidad económica individual.
- Evaluar los efectos a largo plazo del apoyo financiero a la escolarización en la toma de decisiones.
- Proporcionar evidencia empírica sobre el papel de la educación en la mejora de la racionalidad económica.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo controlado aleatorio de un programa de apoyo financiero de 1 año para estudiantes de secundaria en Malawi.
- La intervención redujo las tasas de ausencia/abandono escolar y mejoró los resultados de los exámenes.
- La racionalidad económica se midió 4 años después de la intervención utilizando experimentos de laboratorio en el campo basados en la teoría de la preferencia revelada.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudiantes que recibieron apoyo financiero mostraron puntuaciones significativamente más altas de racionalidad económica.
- El efecto positivo en la racionalidad persistió después de controlar las habilidades cognitivas y no cognitivas.
- La intervención demostró un vínculo causal entre la educación y la mejora de la toma de decisiones económicas.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones educativas pueden aumentar causalmente la racionalidad económica.
- Los resultados sugieren que la escolarización mejora la calidad de la toma de decisiones económicas.
- Implicaciones políticas para invertir en educación para fomentar el comportamiento económico racional.
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