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Un bucle corticocerebeloso para la planificación motora

Zhenyu Gao1, Courtney Davis2, Alyse M Thomas2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

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|October 19, 2018
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El cerebelo es crucial para mantener la actividad de la corteza frontal durante la planificación motora. Esta investigación revela un bucle corticocerebeloso esencial para los procesos cognitivos más allá del simple control del movimiento.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • La neurociencia cognitiva
  • Control del motor

Sus antecedentes:

  • La actividad neuronal persistente en la corteza frontal precede a los movimientos, pero las regiones cerebrales e interacciones involucradas no se comprenden completamente.
  • El cerebelo, tradicionalmente vinculado al control motor, es cada vez más reconocido por su papel en las funciones cognitivas, incluida la planificación y la memoria.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel del cerebelo en el mantenimiento de la actividad preparatoria de la corteza frontal durante la planificación motora.
  • Elucidar los circuitos neuronales y las interacciones multirregionales que subyacen a los procesos cognitivos en la planificación motora.

Principales métodos:

  • Los ratones realizaron una tarea de discriminación sensorial que requería memoria a corto plazo para la planificación del movimiento direccional.
  • Se empleó la perturbación transitoria del núcleo cerebeloso profundo medial (núcleo fastigial) y el silenciamiento de la corteza frontal.
  • La actividad neuronal en la corteza frontal y los núcleos cerebelares se registró antes del inicio del movimiento.

Principales resultados:

  • La interrupción del núcleo fastigial deterioró el rendimiento de la tarea sin afectar la ejecución del movimiento.
  • Tanto la corteza frontal como el núcleo cerebeloso mostraron actividad preparatoria segundos antes del movimiento.
  • El silenciamiento de la corteza frontal abolió la actividad preparatoria cerebelosa, mientras que la actividad del núcleo fastigial era necesaria para mantener la actividad preparatoria cortical.
  • La salida fastigial se proyecta a la corteza frontal a través del tálamo, formando un bucle corticocerebeloso.

Conclusiones:

  • El cerebelo es esencial para mantener representaciones neuronales persistentes en la corteza frontal durante la planificación motora.
  • Un bucle corticocerebeloso que involucra el núcleo fastigial, el tálamo y la corteza frontal apoya los aspectos cognitivos de la planificación motora.
  • Las funciones cerebelares se extienden más allá del control motor en línea para incluir procesos cognitivos como la planificación y el mantenimiento de la memoria.